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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the building blocks for protein? |
amino acids |
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what elements make up protein? |
-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen -sometimes sulfur |
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fn of protein |
repair & build tissues/cells |
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what are the most often chosen proteins to eat? |
chicken, fish, beef |
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all proteins are made from combinations of... |
10 amino acids held together by peptides |
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People who do not eat beef can be deficient in ______ |
Fe (Iron) |
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can nonessential amino acids become essential? |
yes |
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how many nonessential amino acids are there? |
11 |
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nonessential amino acids are not required in diet as long as _______ is present |
nitrogen |
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***what are the 9 essential amino acids?**** |
-histidine -isoleucine -leucine -lysine -methionine -phenylalanine -threonine -tryptophan -valine |
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what foods have "complete protein" (high quality protein)? |
-eggs -milk -fish -meat |
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what foods have "incomplete protein" (low quality protein) |
-grains -vegetables -legumes |
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how do we excrete nitrogen?
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skin, urine, feces |
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what is negative nitrogen balance? |
people who have a burn or are sick excrete more nitrogen than ingested |
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what is positive nitrogen balance? |
more protein staying than lost |
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where does protein digestion occur? |
stomach |
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protein physiological roles** |
-new body tissues (skin, bones, teeth) -repair body tissue -produce essential compounds (hormones & enzymes) -regulate fluid balance -antibodies/immunoglobulin (IgA) -tranport proteins (lipoproteins) -energy -pH balance (buffer in saliva) |
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examples of hormones made by protein |
insulin, thyroxine |
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examples of enzymes made by protein |
-amylase -lipase -pepsin |
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what is the recommended dietary allowance of protein? |
0.8g/kg ex: 150 lb person=56g |
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what is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range of proteins? |
10-35% of calories ex: 150 lb person=56g |
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what is the recommended dietary allowance of Lysine? |
51 mg |
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what is the recommended dietary allowance of Threonine? |
27mg |
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what is the recommended dietary allowance of Tryptophan? |
7mg |
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what is the recommended dietary allowance of Sulfur? |
25mg |
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where can we get sulfur? |
-eggs -beef -wheat -brown rice |
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does protein energy malnutrition occur? |
yes, in 3rd world countries due to lack of resource & money |
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can not having enough protein cause infections & illness or death? |
yes |
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who are at risk for protein deficiency in the U.S?
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-older adults -medically compromised (AIDs, cancer) -low income groups -strict vegetarians -lack of education |
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what is Marasmus? |
-muscle tissue is wasted away & weaken -not enough proteins & calories -skin hangs -delay tooth eruption -changes saliva |
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proteins will cause pH to |
increase |
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who does Kwashiorkor affect? |
children 18-24 months |
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what is Kwashiorkor? |
-lack of high quality protein -swelling (fatty tissue) -lose hair -not enough Iron (anemic) -cracked skin |
