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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The prostate gland is a ____ or ____ shaped gland.
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oval/chestnut
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The prostate is a ______ structure.
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retroperitoneal
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What does the prostate surround?
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The prox. urethra
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What is the normal size of the prostate gland?
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4 x 3 x 4 cm
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The prostate is ____ to the space of retzius.
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posterior
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The base of the prostate is ____ to its apex.
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superior
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The prostate has an appearance of an ____ ____.
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inverted pyramid
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What is the broadest aspect of the prostate?
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the base
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The ____ of the prostate lies immediately below the bladder.
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base
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With ejaculation, semen is secreted by the prostate thru small holes in the _____ walls.
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urethra
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The prostate used to be divided into ____ ____.
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five lobes
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What were the 5 lobes not used anymore?
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anterior, middle, posterior, and 2 lateral
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The prostate gland is now split into ____ ____.
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glandular zones
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What are the 3 glandular zones of the prostate?
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peripheral, central, and transitional (periurethral)
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There is an anterior nonglandular area in the prostate called ____ ____.
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fibromuscular stroma
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The peripheral zone(PZ) is ____% of glandular tissue
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70%
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The PZ is located ____ & ____ to the distal prostatic urethra
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posterior & lateral
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The central zone (CZ) is ____% of glandular tissue.
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25%
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Where is the CZ located?
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@ the base, ejaculatory ducts pass thru this zone & join urethra @ verumontanum
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The ____ ____ is the smallest zone.
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Transitional zone
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The TZ comprises approximately ____% of glandular tissue.
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5%
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The TZ is located in the ____ region on both sides of the ____ ____.
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central, proximal urethra
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Where do the ducts of the TZ run & end?
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run parallel to the urethra & end in the prox. urethra @ the level of verumontanum
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The ____ ____ runs in the ML thru the prostate from the base of bladder to urogenital diaphragm
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prostatic urethra
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Can the prostatic urethra be seen on US?
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YES
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The ____ ducts enter the base of the prostate.
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ejaculatory
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Where do the ejactulatory ducts pass thru?
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the prostatic urethra @ the verumontanum
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The _____ is the midpoint region b/t the base & apex where the ejactulatory ducts join the urethra.
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vermontanum
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The ____ ____ maintains continence.
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external sphincter
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The seminal vesicles are ____ structures that join the ____ ____ to form ejaculatory duct.
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paired, vas deferens
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Where are the seminal vesicles in relation to the prostate?
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superior
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Where are the seminal vesicles in relation to the vas deferens?
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lateral
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Where are the seminal vesicles in relation to the bladder?
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posterior/inferior
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Agenesis of seminal vesicles is associated with ____ ____ ____.
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ipsilateral renal agenesis
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Three congenital anomalies/varients of the prostate include:
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agenesis of seminal vesicles, cysts, agenesis of vas deferens
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What are 3 types of cysts of the prostate?
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mullerian duct cyst, prostatic utricle cyst, ejaculatory cyst
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What are 3 types of cysts of the prostate?
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mullerian duct cyst, prostatic utricle cyst, ejaculatory cyst
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Prostatic utricle cyst are a remnant of the ____ ____.
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female uterus
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What are prostatic utricle cysts associated with?
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unilateral renal agenesis
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What causes prostatic utricle cysts?
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dilitation of the prostatic utricle
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Prostatic utricle cysts always arise from the level of the _____ and are always ____.
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verumontanum, midline
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PUC's are ____ in size but are ____ than mullerian duct cysts.
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variable, smaller
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When are PUC's often detected?
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in the 1st or 2nd decades of life (mullerian 3rd & 4th)
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What are the main prostate functions?
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reproduction, secretion of alkaline fluid, production of fluid volume & PSA (prostate specific antigen)
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____ fluid provides a mode of fluid for transport of sperm.
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alkaline
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What tissue produces PSA?
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glandular
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What 2 hormones regulate prostate growth & function?
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testosterone & dihydrotestosterone
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What are some urinary symptoms for indication of the prostate?
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frequency, nocturia, dysuria, decreased force of urinary system
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What are some indication of the prostate?
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abnormal biochemistry, enlarged prostate, pain, blood in urine, oligospermia, infertility
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To scan the prostate TA, you must have a ____ ____.
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full bladder
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What is the preferred approach for examining the prostate?
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transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
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What is the TRUS position?
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left lateral decub, with knees bent toward chest (lithotomy)
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What is the sonographic appearance of the prostate?
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homogeneous, midgray, with low-med level echoes
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Usually the ____ & ____ zone are not distinct on US.
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central & transitional zones
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The peripheral zone appears _____ to the other zones on US.
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hyperechoic
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A sonographic "____" may be seen surrounding the prostate.
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capsule
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What surrounds the urethra?
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periurethral glandular stroma
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Periurethral glandular stroma is ____ compared with surrounding tissue.
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hypoechoic
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The prostate gland is ____,____,&____.
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symmetrical, smooth, & well defined
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When seen on US, the vas deferens are ____ to & have the same ____ ____ as seminal vesicles.
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medial, echo texture
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The ____ ducts may appear as echogenic double lines
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ejactulatory
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Seminal vesicles should appear ____ & slightly ____ ____ than the prostate
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symetrical, less echogenic
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The vas deferens is seen as a ____ ____ structure joining the seminal vesicles ____.
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tubular hypoechoic, medially
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What does the vas deferens look like on a TRV scan?
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round or oval & located b/t the seminal vesicles
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