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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
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nodular enlargement of the anterior/periurethral regions (transition zone) of the prostrate
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pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia
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increased DHT, increased androgen receptors
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clinical features benign prostatic hyperplasia
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reduced urinary stream; nocturia; predisposes to UTI, bladder stone; hydronephrosis; rectal exam can detect
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gross appearance of BPH
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markedly enlarged; nodular expansion in the periurethral regions (TZ); pink-tan and fleshy to gray and firm.
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BPH histology
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mixture of benign glands and fibromuscular stroma; equal admixture of glandular and stromal element, similar to normal prostate morphology (long elongated glands)
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TURP (transurethral resection) specimens
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large number of prostate “chips” (curettings) , irregularly shaped fragments 5-10mm,
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treatment and prognosis of BPH
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TURP removal of obstructing portion; finasteride, alpha blockers
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Prostate cancer incidence
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most common non-skin cancer of males in US. 2nd hightest cause of cancer death. incidence progresses to 80% by 80
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prescursor lesions of prostate cancer
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peripheral zone develop from precursos lesiosn: Prostatic intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN).
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serum PSA
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screening for prostate cancer; serine protease secreted by prostate epithelium; may be elevated when tumors still confined to prostate; 4ng/ML carcinoma in 1/4 . percent free to bound, low ration worse. PSA useful for pt monitoring after treatment
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gross pathology of prostate cancer
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difficult to recognize grossly, solid tan-tray or yellowish areas
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histopathology of prostate cancer
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small crowded or infiltrating glands with nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli; glands lose their two cell lining (only one cell type present, normal glands have a basal cell layer). basal cell layer selectively stained using antibodies to high molecular weight keratin.
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Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (pin) histology
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macronucleioli characteristic of high grade PIN.
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treatment of prostate cancer
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cut it out, hormonal manipulation with metastises: estrogens, orchiectomy. damn.
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