Prosocial Behavior

Front 1

Prosocial behavior

Back 1

Any behvavior/act performed with the goal of benefiting another person

Front 2

Altruism

Back 2

Helping behavior motivated purely by the desire to relieve victims suffering and not by the anticipation of a reward

Front 3

Empathy

Back 3

The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions ( joy, and sadness) the way that a person experiences them.

Front 4

Kinship Selection

Back 4

Preferential helping of genetic relatives so tat genes in common survive

Front 5

Reciprocal altruism

Back 5

Helping others increases the liklihood that they will help you (reciprocity norm)

Front 6

Long term helping

Back 6

Help involving a commitment that was extended over a period of time and requiring investment of effort and resources

Front 7

Situation specific helping

Back 7

helping most likely in response to an emergency not requiring a long term investment of effort and resources

Front 8

Bystander Effect

Back 8

Helping behavior Is less likely to occur as the number of witness to an emergency increases

Front 9

Pluralistic Ignorance

Back 9

Passive bystanders redefine the situation as a non-emergency, everyone is social referencing; other people are not doing anything; so its not interpreted as an emergency

Front 10

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 10

belief that others should or will take responsibility for helping

Front 11

Altruistic Personality

Back 11

Combination of dispositional variables associated with pro-social behavior

Front 12

Brave Individual

Back 12

Risk their lives to save others

Front 13

Caring individuals

Back 13

extraordinary long term commitment to helping others

Front 14

What is the difference betweenaltruistic and prosocial behavior?

Back 14

Altruistic behavior=Helpingbehavior motivated purely by the desire to relive a victim’s suffering and notby the anticipation of a reward.

Pro-social behavior= Anybehavior/act performed with the goal of benefiting another person.

Front 15

What does the empathy altruismhypothesis say about why we help? How about the social exchange theory? Inparticular how do these two relate to each other according to Batson (hint lookat the picture slide)?

Back 15

The empathy altruism hypothesis says about why wehelp that empathy, once aroused, increases the likelihood of an altruistic act.The social exchange theory says that people help when rewards are greater thanthe costs. The relation between these two is according to Batson, there is noaltruism; we only help when rewards are greater than costs.

Front 16

How does the evolutionaryexplanation explain helping behavior?

Back 16

The evolutionary explanationexplains helping behavior as self-preservation of the genes

Front 17

What are the five steps tohelping according to the Latane and Darley model? Name one thing at each stepthat might make us ‘fall off’ i.e. that can stop us making it to the next step.Be somewhat familiar with some of the studies conducted to support the model.

Back 17

The five steps to helping include:

-Attending to a situation

-Onething that might make us fall off is if the stimulus is not brightly colored,noisy, or does not stand out against the background.

-Interpreting a situation as anEmergency -Recognizing the situation can be highly ambiguousbecause there could be more than one interpretation for it. For example, if yousee someone running, you could interpret that he/she is running from the policeor running for the bus. If you interpret that the person is running for thebus, then you have not labeled the situation as the emergency.

-Assuming Responsibility

-Although people label the situation as an emergency,they do not take responsibility to help people. For example, if someone sees aperson actually sees a robber running down the side walk carrying a bag, theywould not intend to call the police because it’s none of their business.

-Assessing to take action

- What could make it fall off is that people lackcompetence, or the necessary skills to help the person compared to those whocould. Two reasons why competence can lead to more helping include:

- it increases confidence - Competence leads to sensitivity to the needs ofothers and empathy towards the victims

. -Deciding whether to act

-Deciding to act determines whether or not the costsare greater than the rewards. The person may not call the police on the robberbecause it could be a waste of time and he/she does not want to cause trouble.

Front 18

What variables affect ourdecision to help others?

Back 18

Some variables affect ourdecision include:

- VictimResponsibility

- Urgency to help

- Time required forhelp

- Diffusion ofresponsibility

- Discomfortinvolved in help

- Victim’sdeservingness

Front 19

How does the potential ofdanger in a situation change whether the bystander effect occurs?

Back 19

The potential of danger in asituation change whether the bystander effect occurs when the presence ofothers and their reactions determine whether or not one would help.

Front 20

What are the gender differencesin helping behavior?

Back 20

Males are more likely to helpfemales than males. Females, on the other hand, are equally likely to help maleand female victims.

Front 21

What role does our mood play in deciding if we will help?

Back 21

Having a positive moodincreases our chances in helping. However, people may not help if they thinkhelping will spoil their good mood.

Front 22

What aspects of the victiminfluence whether they get help or not?

Back 22

Attractiveness

Pregnant woman

Deservingness= if the victim themselves did anything to provoke it.