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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nahum: Date
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663-612
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Nahum: Domestic and international conditions
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- Manasseh undoes good done by his father, Hezekiah.
- Judah has a period of revival under Josiah - Josiah's reforms as Assyria weakens, but Josiah dies. |
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Nahum: Main Message
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1) Comfort to Judah: the tyranny under which she lived would have an end
2) Nature of God 3) Relation to Jonah |
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Nahum: Outline
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1) Poem of God's Character and Judgment (Lord's vengeance)
2) Siege and sack of Nineveh 3) Nineveh's sins and fall |
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Zephaniah: Date
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640-628
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Zephaniah: Main Message
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- The "Day of the Lord"
- Judgment for unfaithful Judah - Promise of blessings for the remnant |
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Zephaniah: Outline
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1-3:8) Universal Judgment
3:9-20) Promises of Salvation |
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Habakkuk: Date
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640-630
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Habakkuk: Main Message
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- Endurance, don't give up
- "Why?" - Lord has announced coming salvation |
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Habakkuk: Outline
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1:1 Superscription
1:2-4 First Complaint: Wicked Assyrian oppressors 1:5-11 First Answer: God will punish Assyria through Babylonians 1:12-2:1 Second Complaint: How is this a solution, God? 2:2-20 God’s Answer: His justice will be vindicated by destruction of all oppressors 3 Habakkuk’s Response: Prayer of trust and expectation |
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Jeremiah: Date
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627-580
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Jeremiah: Domestic/International Issues
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- During time of Josiah's reforms
- Judah persists in its unfaithfulness despite Jeremiah’s ministry--Idolatry and immorality - Babylon conquers Ninevah - Josiah killed in battle - Nebuchadrezzar rises to power in Babylon |
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Jeremiah: Main messages
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- Sin of Judah
- Coming judgment if Judah did not repent |
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Ezekiel: Dates
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592-565
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Ezekiel: Domestic/International Conditions
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- Judah is exiled to Babylon in three deportations:
605 (Judah becomes vassal) 597 (Ezekiel deported) 587 (Jerusalem destroyed) - Rise of Babylon and Nebuchadrezzar |
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Ezekiel: Main Message
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Ezekiel's Call:
- Hardened and rebellious people of Judah (2:3-4) - Necessity of communicating exactly what God says (2:7-3:3 - Influence of the Spirit (3:12-14 - including unusual manners of revelation ) - The effect on Ezekiel himself and his communication with the exiled Judeans - Nature of God’s grace (in spite of repeated provocations), the new birth and its effects (no longer will God’s people presume on his forbearance), and the goal of God in saving people for himself. - "Messiah" and "Shepherds" - "New Covenant" |
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Obadiah: Date
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After fall of Jerusalem in 586
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Obadiah: Domestic/International
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- Jerusalem disciplined for sinfulness
- Fall of Jerusalem - Pillaged by Edom - Judah's demise |
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Obadiah: Main Message
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- Justice and zeal of God for his people
- Edomites will face judgment - God is building his people into a holy temple where he will make his presence known: this is God's plan through the ages. The covenant people will never fail or perish. They will be restored to take possession of their inheritance. The zeal of the LORD will accomplish it |
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Obadiah: Outline
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1-7 Guilt of Edom
8-18 Punishment of Edom 19-21 Epilogue: the people of God reoccupy their own land |
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Daniel: Dates
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605-536
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Daniel: Domestic/International
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- Egypt held control of Judah and replaced its king with Jehoiakim in 609
- In 597 Nebuchadnezzar besieged the rebellious city of Jerusalem and took 3000 more exiles from upper levels of society - witnessed the height of the Neo-Babylonian Empire in his exile under Nebuchadnezzar - He also witnessed their defeat to the rising Medo-Persian Empire under Cyrus (539) |
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Daniel: Main Message
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God is sovereign over history and empires, setting up and removing kings as he pleases. Eventually, kingdoms of this world will be replaced by the Lord’s everlasting kingdom.
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Daniel: Outline
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1-6 Daniel and his friends
7-12 Daniel’s visions |
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Haggai: Date
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520 BC
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Haggai: Domestic/International
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- Cyrus’ decree in 538 allowed Jews to return to Judah. In 537 they began rebuilding the temple, but work slowed to a stop as the influx of immigrants created other pressing concerns.
- Just after a time of internal upheaval in the Persian Empire. |
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Haggai: Main Message
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- People of Judah should get back to work and finish rebuilding the temple
- present circumstances of poverty were due to their spiritual malaise, and that malaise manifested itself in their failure to work on the temple - "God's will and work must always take priority" - Honor of God is bound up with rebuilding temple. Temple served as token to nations that YHWH alone rules the earth, and had taken his people back after disciplining them: Temple was outward sign and mediator of God's presence with his people! |
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Haggai: Outline
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1:1-15 Agricultural Failure: People Have Refused to Re-Build the Temple
2:1-9 New Age: The Glory of the New Temple and Age as Compared to the Old 2:10-19 Agricultural Failure: People Had Defiled Themselves by a Temple "Corpse" 2:20-23 New Age: Hope for Revival of the Davidic Dynasty (Zerubbabel "signet ring") |
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Zechariah: Dates
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520-516 BC
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Zechariah: Domestic/International
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Same as for Haggai
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Zechariah: Main Message
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God will renew covenant with the restored people and be faithful to them.
The promise to David (2 Sam 7) still stands - the Messiah will come. Therefore the people should take courage and have faith that God is in fact with them. God, who controls history, will vindicate himself, his Messiah, and his people. God, who controls history, will vindicate himself, his Messiah, and his people: "even God's Messiah will die at the hands of evil men; but when evil has done its worst, the LORD remains king and will be seen to be king by all nations." (Baldwin). |
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Zechariah: Outline
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1:1-6 Introduction: the lesson of history
1:7-6:15 Visions portraying God’s zeal for rebuilding Zion 7:1-8:23 Prophetic exhortation based on history 9:1-14:21 Elaboration of Messianic theme |
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Zechariah: Key Verses
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3.8 - "Hear now, O Joshua the high priest, you and your friends who sit before you, for they are men who are a sign: behold, I will bring my servant the Branch."
6.12 - "And say to him, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, "Behold, the man whose name is the Branch: for he shall branch out from his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD. 6.13 - "It is he who shall build the temple of the LORD and shall bear royal honor, and shall sit and rule on his throne. And there shall be a priest on his throne, and the counsel of peace shall be between them both."' 9.9 - "Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your king is coming to you; righteous and having salvation is he, humble and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey." 12.10 - "And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as on |
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Zechariah: Messiah
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- mention of the "Branch" (3:8, 6:12); priestly and royal functions will merge (6:13); the coming king (9:9-17); the one pierced (12:10); the Shepherd (13:7).
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Malachi: Dates
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460
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Malachi: Domestic/International
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Post exile, before Ezra and Nehemiah.
Artaxerxes I (Persia). Nabatean conquest of Edom in the late 6th or early 5th century B.C. The Edomites were completely driven out by 312 B.C. |
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Malachi: Main Message
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Covenantal faithfulness; Preparing ourselves for God’s blessing by presenting to him the kind of lives that he delights in.
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Malachi: Outline
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Superscription (1.1)
Lord's Great Love for Israel (1.2-5) 5 Disputations with Israel (1.6-3.18) Great Day of the Lord (4) |
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Malachi: Key Verses
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1.2; 1.3 (teaching the people of covenant) "I have loved you," says the LORD. But you say, "How have you loved us?" "Is not Esau Jacob's brother?" declares the LORD. "Yet I have loved Jacob but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
3.1a (Prophecy of John the Baptist/verbal contact with Isaiah 40.3) "Behold, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me. 3.1b (Messianic reference?) “And the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant in whom you delight, behold, he is coming, says the LORD of hosts. |
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Joel: Dates
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400
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Joel: International/Domestic
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The sins that preoccupied the pre-exilic prophets are not mentioned in Joel. Stable cultic community
Greeks were not yet a world power (3:6) The destruction of Sidon was still in the future (3:4, 7) |
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Joel: Main Message
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Yahweh’s judgment, both in its present and apocalyptic forms:
The LORD’s judgment is transformed into salvation when people repent. Rend your hearts and not your garments. God not only meets his people’s material needs (2:21-27) but gives his very self as well (3:1-5). He opens to all the security of Zion. |
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Joel: Outline
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1:1 Superscription
1:2-2:17 Lament 2:18-3:21 God’s response to the lament and the future age |
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Joel: Key Verse
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2:28-32
“And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. Even on the male and female servants in those days I will pour out my Spirit. “And I will show wonders in the heavens and on the earth, blood and fire and columns of smoke. The sun shall be turned to darkness, and the moon to blood, before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes. And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved." |
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“New Covenant”: Jer. 31:27-40
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God’s covenants have an objective side and a subjective side.
- Objective: the way God administers his people, and what they are to believe. - Subjective: the way God’s people are called to embrace his covenantal grace from their hearts. The new covenant in Jer. 31 is referring to the subjective side of the covenant. - His concern was not with redemptive-historical changes (objective), but with the problem of God’s covenant people lacking inward covenant reality (subjective). - Hence, the new covenant was a situation in which this failure would be cured. It is best to take the term “new covenant” as a metonymy for “new situation in which the people embrace the covenant from the heart.” This will occur sometime after Israel’s restoration from exile. |
