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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Eumycota
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true fungi
phylogenetically-distinct type of microorganisms based on 18S ribosomal sequence |
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what are the 5 main groups of Eumycota?
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Zygomycetes
Asacomycetes Archiascomycetes Basidiomycetes Deuteromycetes |
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what are the 3 morphologic groups of Eumycota?
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molds, yeasts, dimorphic fungi
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what are the 4 ways fungal species affect human life?
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cause disease (mycoses)
biodegradation in the environment basic research models fermentative processes for use in food, beverage, pharmaceuticals |
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Ecology of Fungi
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important in environmental degradation of organic molecules
most are saprobes (use inorganic material for energy) |
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Yeasts
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unicellular, single nucleus
asexual repro thru budding or binary fusion sexual repro thru sporulation form germ tubes or pseudohyphae appear like bacterial colonies on growth media |
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Molds
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multicellular
long, branched filaments (hyphae) which grow by extension to form tangled aggregations (mycelia) asexual and sexual repro |
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Zygomycetes
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produce sexual zygospores
asexual sporangiospores within sporangia at the end of sporangiophores root-like rhizoids |
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Ascomycetes
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both yeasts and mold, septate hyphae
sexual ascospores produced in sac-like ascus asexual conidia on conidiophores |
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Archiascomycetes
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sexual and asexual yeast
trophic, sporocyst, and cyst forms |
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Basidiomycetes
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sexual basdiospores on club-shaped basidia
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Deuteromycetes
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yeast and mold that lack sexual phase
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how do fungi get energy?
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saprophytic, energy from non-organic material
extracellular hydrolytic enzymes to degrade organic biomass into low weight molecules transported across membrane to provide cell energy, carbon, electrons |
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what is the primary source of energy and energy storage for fungi?
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sugar carbohydrates, with glycogen as the favorite for storage
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do fungi need oxygen?
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most are obligate aerobes
exceptions: -facultative yeasts (bread and wine) -rumenant fungi are obligate anaerobes |
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what cellular macromolecules are unique to fungi and aid in selective toxicity?
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chitin, glucan found in rigid cell walls
ergosterol and zymosterol in the cell membrane |
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Thallus
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entire fungal body
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how big are fungi?
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micro to macro
yeasts- always micro (single cell) Molds- micro to macro (mushrooms, puffballs) |
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cellular morphology of Yeasts
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typically spherical or oval
colonies larger than bacteria smallest free-living eukaryocytes |
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cellular morphology of Molds
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filaments (hyphae) grow by elongation
-can be septate (crosswall) or nonseptate (multinucleate) hyphae tangle to become Mycelium |
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Vegetative Molds
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grow on and within the growth medium where they absorb nutrients and water
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Aerial Molds
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produce and disseminate spores
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