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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_ is permanent amenorrhea in a previously cycling woman.
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menopause; caused by exhaustion of the ovaries
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_ is the term referring to the period around menopause.
-anovulation -perimenopause -climacteric |
climateric
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E1 = ?
E2 = ? E3 = ? |
E1 = estrone
E2 = estradiol E3 = estriol |
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at menopause the greatest reduction is in?
-E1 -E2 -E3 |
E2-estradiol
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E1 which is primarily produced by _ increases when E2 goes down.
-muscle -parietal cells -fat |
fat cells
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the mean age of menopause is?
-47.2 -51.3 -52.7 -55.9 |
51.3 years
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premature menopause is defined as menopause before age _.
-30 -35 -40 -45 |
40
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what is the MCC of hysterectomy?
-uterine CA -fibroids -DUB -endometrial CA |
fibroids in 45-54 y.o.
hyperplasia in 55-64 y.o. uterine prolapse >65 |
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menopause is diagnosed retrospectively-1 year after LMP. although, it is now being diagnosed with an FSH level > _.
-20 -35 -40 -55 |
>40mIU/mL
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what is the MCC of menopausal women?
-vasomotor symptoms -mood disturbances -sleep disturbances -urogenital symptoms |
vasomotor; hot flashes!!
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t/f
obese women have less vasomotor symptoms than non obese women |
false; it is more often with obese women
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what is the medication treatment of vasomotor symptoms?
-low dose estrogen plus testosterone -low dose estrogen -testosterone only |
low dose estrogen plus testosterone
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which of the following meds is most effective in reducing vasomotor symptoms?
-paroxetine -clonidine -gabapentin -megestrol |
gabapentin
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t/f
normal vaginal bacterial flora is dominated by lactobacillus |
true
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t/f
normal vaginal ph is 3.5-4.5, and after the decline of estrogen with menopause, tissue thins, and with less glycogen=less lactobacillus and the vaginal pH rises to 5.5-6.8....vaginal atrophy |
true; treatment of atrophic vaginitis is low dose topical estrogen or replens tiw. semen may help to maintain low pH.
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cancellous bone is most frequently lost and is concentrated in the _ & _.
-spine -long bones -sternum -tibia/fibula |
spine and long bones
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Increased _ activity in the immediate postmenopausal period causes an imbalance between bone resorption and formation.
-osteoblastic -osteoclastic |
osteoclastic
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the risk factors for osteoporosis include all except?
-caucasion -sedentary lifestyle -high levels of body fat -low levels of body fat -poor intake of vit d/calcium -northern european descent |
high levels of body fat is good
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which 2 of the follow meds can cause osteoporosis?
-insulin -hyperthyoidism -glucocorticoids -glucose |
hyperthyroid and glucocorticoids
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t/f
progesterone alone is an effective therapy for osteoporosis |
false;
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primary prevention of osteoporosis includes what?
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smoking cessation
wt. bearing exercise good amount of ca & vit d ET has been shown to help too |
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what is the USPSTF recommendation for the evaluation of osteoporosis? And for those pt's with risk factors?
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65 for routine screening, and between 60-64 for people at risk
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if bmd score is less than 1 SD but not less than 2.5 then the diagnosis is ?
-osteoporosis -normal -osteopenia |
osteopenia
>2.5 SD is osteoporosis |
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what is the best treatment for osteoporosis?
-testosterone only -progestin only -estrogen only -estrogen/testosterone -estrogen/progestin |
estrogen/testosterone (estratest)
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35mg of fosamax is for the _ of osteoporosis.
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prevention
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what is the dose of fosamax to be given for the tx of osteoporosis?
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70mg po weekly
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which is the number one preventative measure of osteoporosis?
-wt. bearing exercises -calcium -bisphosphonates -smoking cessation -vit d |
smoking cessation
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what is the MC cardiovascular adverse event with CHT?
-vte -cva -mi |
vte
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t/f
the WHI study of CHT was stopped when the increase in risk of breast cancer with active tx became statistically significant |
true
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t/f
the WHI showed a slight increase in risk of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease |
true
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which of the following SERM's is the only approved med for the tx of metatastic breast CA?
-toremifene -raloxifene -tamoxifene |
toremifene
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the FDA has approved the use of _ for the prevention of breast CA.
-toremifene -raloxifene -tamoxifene |
tamoxifen; 45% decrease in RR for breast CA but 3x risk for VTE
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what is the MC s/e of tamoxifen?
-endometrial hyperplasia -AUB -inc. risk of endometrial CA -vasomotor symptoms |
vasomotor, in 17% of pt's
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t/f
tamoxifen has a positive effect on the lipid profile |
true
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t/f
there is slight increase in the risk of stroke with tamoxifen |
true
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t/f
raloxifen has been approved for the tx osteoporosis although is less effective than estrogen |
true
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phytoestrogens are plant substances that are functionally similar to _.
-E1 -E2 -E3 |
E2
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