Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The World Health Organization defines health as:
|
"A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmaty."
|
|
|
Jean Watson proposes that health consists of three elements. What are these three elements?
|
1. High level of overall physical, mental and social functioning
2. general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning 3. the abence of illness or the presence of efforts that lead to its absence |
|
|
Betty Neuman views health as:
|
An expression of living energy available to a humen.
|
|
|
Betty Neuman's health model views energy displayed as a continum with _____________ energy as wellness and _________ energy as illness.
|
High
Low |
|
|
How does one maintain health according to Betty Neuman's health continuum?
|
By generating more energy than what is expended.
|
|
|
Myers, Sweeney and Witmer define wellness as:
|
"A way of live oriented toward optimal health and well-being in which body, mind and spirit are integrated by the individual to live more fully within the human and natural community."
|
|
|
What two components are included in Myers, Sweeney and Witmer's model that permits people who have been diagnosed with disease to be considered healthy?
|
Lifestyle and habits
|
|
|
What is health promotion?
|
Finding ways to help individuals develop a state of physical, spiritual, and mental well being.
|
|
|
Is health promotion only effective on sick people or does it benefit healthy people too?
|
It benefits everyone because it encourages optimal function.
|
|
|
What is the different between health promotion and health protection?
|
Health promotion is motivated by the desire to increase well-being, while health protection is motivated by the desire to avoid illness.
|
|
|
Leavell and Clark identified three levels of activities for health protection. Name the three levels.
|
Primary, secondary ad tertiary prevention
|
|
|
What are primary prevention activities designed to do?
|
Prevent or slow the onset of disease.
|
|
|
Give some examples of primary prevention activities.
|
eating healthy foods
exercising wearing sunscreen obeying seat belt laws immunizations |
|
|
What are secondary prevention activities designed to do?
|
screening activities and educatin for detecting illnesses in the early stages.
|
|
|
Give some examples of secondary prevention activities.
|
breast self-examination
testicular exams regular physicals blood pressure screenings diabetes screenings TB skin tests |
|
|
What are tertiary prevention activities designed to do?
|
stop the disease from progressing and returning the individual to the pre-illness phase
|
|
|
What is the main intervention used in tertiary prevention?
|
Rehabilitation
|
|
|
Preliminary ata for the leading causes of death for 2001 identify seven causes of death that can be linked to lifestyle. What five lifestyle factors affect these causes?
|
diet
exercise smoking immunizations substance abuse |
|
|
What is Healthy People 2010?
|
A national initiative that addresses the effects of lifestyle by creating health improvement goals to reach by the year 2010.
|
|
|
What are the two goals of the Healthy People 2010 initiative?
|
To increase quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities
|
|
|
What are the top 5 areas of focus of Healthy People 2010?
|
1. Access to quality health services
2. Arthritis, osteoporosis, and chronic back conditions 3. Cancer 4. Chronic kidney disease 5. Diabetes |
|
|
What three groups of variables affect health promotion according to Pender's Health Promotion Model?
|
1. Individual characteristics and experiences
2. Behavior-specific cognitions and affect 3. Behavioral outcome |
|
|
Name the seven assumptions of Pender's Health Promotion Model?
|
1. Persons seek to create conditions of living through which they can express their unique human health potential.
2. Persons have the capacity for reflective self-awareness, including assessment of their own compotencies. 3. Persons value growth in directions viewed as positive and attempt to achieve a personally acceptable balance between change and stability 4. Individuals seek to actively regulate their own behavior. 5. Individuals in all their biopsychosocial complexity interact with the environment, progressively transforming the environment and being transformed over time. 6. Health professionals constitute a part of the interpersonal environment, which exerts influence on persons throughout their life span. 7. Self-initiated reconfiguration of person-environment interactive patterns is essential to behavior change |
|
|
What are the six "spokes" of the wheel of wellness?
|
emotional
intellectual physical spiritual social/family occupational |
|
|
What does the center of the wheel of wellness represent?
|
Least amount of wellness
|
|
|
What does the outer part of the wheel of wellness represent?
|
Optimal wellness
|
|
|
What happens to the wheel of wellness when one spoke is not functioning properly?
|
It won't "roll" properly
|
|
|
The transtheoretical model of change serves as a means to:
|
alter unhealthy behaviors
|
|
|
According to the model of change, health promotion and protection involve either:
|
changing the individual's response to the illness-producing stimuli OR changing the environment so the the person will be less likely to encounter illness-producing stimuli
|
|
|
In the model of change, what are the four stages of change?
|
1. Contemplation
2. Determination 3. Action Stage 4. Maintenance Stage |
|
|
Prochaska and DiClemente found two additional stages to the model of change. What are these two stages and when do they occur?
|
Precontemplation stage-before contemplation (person does not realize he has a problem)
Termination stage-after maintenance (behavior changed and not in danger of relapse) |
|
|
What does disseminating information mean?
|
Providing people the knowledge to recognize a problem and understand their options for change.
|
|
|
How can disseminating information be practiced on the individual level?
|
Working one-on-one with an individual
|
|
|
How can disseminating information be practiced on the group level?
|
Classes offered at the hospital, prenatal education programs and worksite programs
|
|
|
How can disseminating information be practiced on the community level?
|
Billboards, health columns in the newspaper, health fairs
|
|
|
What could be the focus of a group-level program for changing lifestyle and behavior?
|
Weight loss programs, smoking cessation, exercise, nutrition and stress management.
|
|
|
How do environmental control programs promote health?
|
By working to create a healthy environment
|
|
|
What things might be targeted with an environmental control program?
|
Air and water qualtiy, toxic wste, healthy homes and communities, infrastructure and surveillance, global environmental health and political advocacy
|
|
|
What is the focus of wellness assessment and health risk appraisal programs?
|
Identifying behaviors that promote health and create rsk for disease.
|
|
|
What does wellness assessment focus on?
What activities do wellness assessments support? |
healthy behaviors
Positive change to improve health |
|
|
What does a health risk appraisal identify?
|
Risky behavors that promote disease.
|
|
|
What are the three most common sites for health promotion programs to occur?
|
Health facilities
Worksites Schools |
|
|
Large companies employ healthcare providers to provide specific programs. What are some examples of these programs?
|
Smoking cessation
Stress management Fitness training |
|
|
Why may large companies implement health programs for their employees?
|
They decrease work-related injuries and sick leave.
|
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Conception to birth
|
Pregnancy education
Abstinence from tobacco, alcohol and drugs Nutrition Exercise Parenting education |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Infancy
|
Nutrition
Introduction of solid foods Proper sleeping position (SIDS) Sensory stimulation Safety Motor vehicle safety Oral health |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Toddler and preschool
|
Adequate supervision
Safety Toilet training Motor vehicle safety Nutrition Immunizations Oral Health Sleep and rest |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: School age
|
Nutrition
Physical activity Safety Sexuality Stranger danger Oral health |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Adolescence
|
Peer pressure
Motor vehicle safety Safety Self-esteem Physical activity Suicide and depression Firearm safety Violence Sexuality Alcohol and tobacco use Limiting sun exposure Update of immunizations Oral health |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Young adult
|
Physical activity
Motor vehicle safety Safety Violence Sexuality Alcohol and tobacco use Limiting sun exposure Update of immunizations Oral health |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Middle adult
|
Physical activity
Safety Obesity Sexualit Lifestyle Update of immunizations Oral health |
|
|
Health promotion is important throughout the entire lifespan. What are some of the area of focus for people in this developmental stage: Older adults
|
Physical activity
Nutrition Safety Obesity Sexuality Lifestyle Update of immunizations Oral health Changes associated with aging |
|
|
Pender, Murdaugh and Parsons summarized the health promotion procsess as a series of nine steps that involve the nurse and the client. Name the steps.
|
1. Review and summarize data from assessment
2. Reinforce client's strengths and abilities. 3. Identify health goals and related behavioral change options. 4. Identify behavioral or health outcomes that will indicate that the plan has been successful from the client's perspective. 5. Develop a behavior change plan based on the client's preferences, on the stages of change, and on "state-of-the-science" knowledge about effective interventions. 6. Reiterate benefits of change, and identify incentives for change from the client's perspective. 7. Address environmental and interpersonal facilitators and barriers to behavioral change. 8. Determine a time frame for implementation. 9. Commit to behavior-change goals, and structure the support needed to accomplish them. |
|
|
What are the components of a health promotion assessment?
|
Health history
Physical examination Fitness assessment Lifestyle and risk appraisal Life stress review Analysis of healthcare beliefs Nutritional assessment |
|
|
What type of data is included in a history and physical examination?
|
Subjective and objective
|
|
|
What is the best source for information needed for a health history?
|
The client
|
|
|
At a minimum, what information should be collected in a physical examination?
|
Vital signs
Weight BMI Auscultation and palpation of chest and abdomen Inspection of the skin Palpation of peripheral pulses |
