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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are infections acquired in a healthcar facility?
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Nosocomial infections
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This term means absence of contamination by disease-causing microorgaisms
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Asepsis
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What is the process by which infections spread commonly referred to?
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Chain of infections
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When microorganisms are beneficial or even essential for human health and well being they are called?
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Normal Flora
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Organisms capable of causing disease
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pathogens
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What is a successful invasion of the body by a pathogen?
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infection
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What is a place where pathogens survive and multiply?
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reservoir
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What are the six links in the chain of infection?
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Infectious agent
Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of Transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host |
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What is a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen?
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fomite
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What is the most frequent portal of exit
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body fluids
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What is the most frequent portal of entry
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normal body openings
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What is the most frequent portal of entry in healthcare settings
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Wounds, Surgical sites, and insertion sites for tubes and needles
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A person with inadequate defenses aginst the invading pathogen is known as?
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Susceptible host
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What are the three factors that determine infection?
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Virulence of the organism
number of organisms transmitted the ability of the host's defenses to prevent infection |
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Infections that cause harme in a limited region of the body are called
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local infections
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When pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread thoughout the body?
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Systemic infections
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Clinical presence of bacteria in the blood
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bacteremia
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symptomatic systemic infection spread via the blood
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septicemia
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when the pathogens are acuired from the healthcare environment
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exogenous nosocomial infections
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when the pathogens arises from the patient's normal flora
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endogenous nosocomial infections
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Five stages of infections
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incubation, prodromal stage, illness, decline and convalescence
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what are the primary defenses of the body
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skin, respiratory tree, eyes, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary
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What are the secondary defenses of the body?
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Phagocytosis, complement casade, inflammation and fever
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What are tertiary defenses
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specific immunity the process by which the body's immune cells "learn" to recognize and destroy pathogens that they have encountered before
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What are the cells called that are involved in specific immunity
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lymphocytes
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What are the molecules that trigger a specific immune response?
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Antigens
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Which immune response acts directly against antigens
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humoral
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Infants are born with passive immunity because?
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of their mother's IgG
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What type of immunity acts to destroy body cells that have become infected?
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Cell mediated immunity
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How can an individual's defenses aginst invading pathogens be strengthened?
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nutrition, hygiene, rest and exercise, stress reduction, and immunizations
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What factors increase the risk for infection?
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age, breaks in the skin, illness or injury, smoking, substance abuse,Multiple sexual partners, enivronmental factors, chronic disease, medications, and nursing and medical procedures
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a state of cleanliness that decreases the potential for the spread of infectinos
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Medical Asepsis
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Five key factors in hand washing
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time, water, soap, friction, and drying
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Standard precautions are the same as?
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Universal precautions
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These are used when direct contact with the organism can lead to spread of the pathogens
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Contact precautions
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These are used when the pathogen can be spread via moist droplets
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Droplet precautions
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Ther are used to control the spread of infections that are transmitted on air currents.
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Airbourne precautions
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Airbourne precautions require that a patient be placed in a room with
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negative air pressure
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Patients at high risk for infection are placed in a spacial form of isolation called?
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protective or reverse
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Means without life
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Sterile
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A surgical scrub requires you wash for how many minutes?
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2-6 minutes
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Healthcare workers use this to perform a variety of procedures that do not require full surgical attire
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Sterile Technique
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