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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Socrates and Plato
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LOGIC
DUALISM mind seprable from body knowledge built w/in |
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Aristotle
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DATA LOVER
knowledge from experiences monism . . . soul not sep from body "nurture" not "nature" memories recalled thru association |
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Augustine
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seeks coorelation between body condition and mind
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Descartes
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believes socrates and plato
"animal spirits" make mind/brain work examines brain and NERVES |
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Sir Francis Bacon
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founder of mod sci
Experiment, Experience, Common Sense saw mind's attempt to find patterns/order mind's selectivity of memories to confirm beliefs |
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John Locke
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@ birth mind is a black slate of "white paper"
NURTURE, not nature |
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Empiricism
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a)knowledge from experiences via senses
b) sci flourishes thru observation and experimentation *rationale for democracy *bacon and locke |
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William Wundt
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*first psych experiment
*philosopher and physiologist *first lab/grad students |
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schools of psych
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*gestalt psych
*psychoanalysis *structuralism *functionalism |
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structuralism
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an early school of psych using introspection to explore structure of human mind
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functionalism
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focuses on how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
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Edward Titchner
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*Wundt's student
*intro's structuralism w/ self reflection |
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William James
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*wrote Principles of Psychology
*believed thinking serves a purpose--to help us survive *free will has practical value |
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pragmatism
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test truth by practical consequences
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mary calkins
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*researcher
*APA's 1st female prez *James' student |
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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*wrote "The Animal Mind"
*1st female Harvard PhD in psych |
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Pavlov
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studied learning
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Sigmund Freud
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physician studied personality . . . WRONG ALOT
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Jean Piaget
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swiss biologist boserved kids
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psychology
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"the science of behavior and mental processes"
*attempt to describe/explain human nature *test theories, evaluate |
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stability vs. change
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do we change as we grow?
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rationality vs. irrationality
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rational brains function like perceptionis are working, irrationality is misremembering etc
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nature vs. nurture
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longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
*plato(nature) vs. aristotle (nurture) *Descartes (some ideas innate) vs. Locke ("blank sheet") |
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Charles Darwin
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argued that natural selection shapes behaviors and bodies
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natural selection
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the principle that among the range of inherited traits variations those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to further generations
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neuroscience perspective
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how the body/brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
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evolutionary perspective
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how natural seection of traits promotes perpetuation of genes
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behavior genetics perception
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how much our gens and environment influence our individual differences
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psychodynamic perspective
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how behavior springs from unconcious drives and conflicts
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behavioral perspective
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how we learn observable responses
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cognitive perspective
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how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info
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social-cultural perspective
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how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
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basic research
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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
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applied research
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scientific study to solve practical problems
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biological psychologists
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links between body and mind
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developmental psychologists
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changing abilities womb to tomb
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cognative psychologists
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how we perceive, think, problem-solve
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personality psychologists
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investigate persistant traits
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social psychologists
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how we view and affect one another
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industrial/organizational psychologists
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sutdy and advise workplace behavior
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clinical psychologists
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study, assess, treat troubled people
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psychiatrists
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medical doctors that provide psychotheraby and medication to people with psychological disorders
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behavior
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what you can observe/measure
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hippocrates
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father of medicine
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hippocrates
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*father of medicine
*brain is root of behavior prob thoughts +feelings = behavior |
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Objective sensation
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reflects the outside world (example: taste or sight
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subjective feeling
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emotional response or mental images associated w/ an object
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Gestalt approach
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perception is more than sm of parts and studied how sensations are assembled into meaningful perceptual experiences
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Max Wertheimer
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German
whole greater than parts sudy larg units instead of structuralism deals w/ perceptions insight |
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Behaviorism
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objective, scientific analysis of observable behavior
interested in behavior and precise measurement instead of conciousness of Wundt and james |
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John Watson
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"radical behaviorism"
objective and experimental NURTURE |
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Skinner
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against Freud
environmental factors mold you (reward an punishment) NURTURE change behavior thru conditioning |
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Leta Stetter Hollingworth
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child dev and women's issues
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Karen Horney
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social and cultural aspects to personality
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june etta downey
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personality trait theorist
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anna freud
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continued father's work
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introspection
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contemplation of one's own thoughts and sensations; self-examination
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insight
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understanding, especially an understanding of the movives and reasons behind behavior
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psychoanalysis
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freud's theory of personality focusing on repression and unconcious forces
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psychodynamic
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the ineraction of various concious and unconcious mental or emotional processes
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humanism
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a system of thought that centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth
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existentialism
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assumes that people are entirely free and thsu responsible for what they make of themselves
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social cognative theory
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behavior influenced by the interaction between persons and their thinkng and thei social context
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mind-body dualism
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the mind and body are two distinct entities that interact
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monism
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doctrine that mindand matter are the same ultimate substance or principle of being
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law of effect
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behaviors are selevted by their consequences . . .smallest is chosen
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biopsychologist
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a specialist in psychology as related to biology or part of the vital process
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