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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic Shapes
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rods-E.coli
Spheres-streptococcus mutans vibrios-vibrio cholerae spirls-treponema pallidum diplococci-strepptococcus species square-wasbys bacterium |
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size range
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0.5 micro meters-2 micro meters
Special cases 80 to 600 micrometers--> Epulospiscium fihelonii |
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typical prok cell (12)
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sex pilli, nucleoid, plasmids, cell wall, outer membrane(G-), inner membrane, periplasmic space(G-), inclusion bodies, fimbria, ribosomes, flagellum, capsule.
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Gram +
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Cell wall 80 nm thick, membrane-->lipid bilayer, cell walls have teichoic acids(ribitol and glycerol polymers), have proteins.
Peptidoglycan layer. |
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Gram -
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outer membrane->periplamic space->inner membrane, cell wall doesnt has teichoic acids and proteins.
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Cytoplasmic membrane
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phosopholipids(fatty acid/phosphate/glycerol) form lipid bilayer.
Hopanoids: Amphipathic. |
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Hopanoids
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pentacyclic-sterol like molecules-impact rigidity to the membrance.(see cholesterol in euks
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Functions of cytoplasmis membrane.
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1)maintain osmotic pressure with in cell
2)transport nutrients in waste/toxins out, protein secretion 3)respiratory functions(mitochondria in euks) |
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membrane extentions
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internal membrane system. house repiratoty nitrogen fixation. serve to house a varity of "special perposes"
1)photosynthetic apparatus 2)Nitrogen fixing apparatus. 3)Extra respiratory apparati |
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cytoplasmic matrix
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Bacteria do possess components of a cytoplasm.
-microtublelike elements -acitinlike elements -microfilamient like elements play role in cell division and chromosome segregation. intracellular inclusion bodies organized by cytoskeletal matrix. |
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Inclusion bodies
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Granules of organic or inorganic material lying in the cytoplasmic matrix of bacteria.
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carboxysomes
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house enzymes for photosynthesis
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cyanophcin granules
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nitrogen storage
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gas vacuoles
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in aquatic for bouyancy
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magntosomes
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orient cells in a geographic north/south
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Glycogen
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carbon storage molecules
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poly beta hyroxy butyrate
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store carbon when nitrogen stress(under conditions when some other nutrient is limiting for growth-->store carbon bc they dont want to waste it.
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ribosomes
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about 20000/cell
70s type: 50s and 30s. suedberg. function is protein synthesis. associated with membrane help with protein secretion. |
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Nuceoid
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not membrane bounded in bacteria. can be bound to the membrane. tightly packed
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Cell Wall
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(peptidoglycan/murein layer)
peptide bonds btw amino acids with in the wall amino acids D(sugars) and L(amino acids) glycan-sugars(amino acids interact with sugars)-glycosidic bonds "Chain mail" |
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Amino sugars and type of bond
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N-acetyl muramic acid(NAM), and N-acetyl Glucosamine(NAG)
glycosidic |
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Amino Acids and type of bonds
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D and L acanine
D-Glutamin Acid L-Lysin peptide bonds |
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Peptide organization
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parallel chains of sugar(alternating NAM-NAG) Amino acids are crosslinked btw adjacent NAM residues in each chain.
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Peptide glycogen bridge
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observed in certain g+ bacteria.
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Functions of peptidoglycan
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1)Provides structural integrity to cell
2)prevents cell from bursting(due to osmotic pressure) 3)Gives cell its shape |
