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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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area containing DNA in prokaryotes?
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nucleoid
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Compare/contrast cell walls in gram + vs. gram -
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gram +:relatively simple;thick layer of peptidoglycan
gram -:thinner layer of peptidoglycan;more complex structure |
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muccopolysaccaride layer not present in every bacteria?
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capsule
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bacterial flagella-
characteristics? |
rigid structure like a propeller
polar-located on one end non-motile bacteria lack flagella singular or multiple |
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Fimbriae (aka pili)-purpose?
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attachment to surfaces
bacterial "mating" |
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cytoplasm vs. cytosol
compare contrast |
cytoplasm-appropriate for prokaryotes
cytosol-surrounds organelles in eukaryotes cytoplasm within organelles |
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these are an absolute requirement for all living organisms:
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cell mbns (plasma mbns)
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four adjectives for cell mbn
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highly organized
asymetric (outer surface differs from inner surface) flexible dynamic |
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Prok. mbn systems are almost always.....
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enfoldings of the cellular plasma mbn
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Each of the phosholipid layers is known as?
One is? The other is? |
leaflet
extracellular cytosolic |
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Integral proteins have different?
These are? |
domains
extracellular intracellular |
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cholesterol in euk. cell mbns is to ? in prok. cell mbns?
Function? |
hopanoids
determine fluidity of cell mbn. |
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Peripheral proteins
Aspects? |
Loosely associated with mbn
H Bonds Easily removed |
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Integral proteins
Relation to mbn? |
Imbedded in mbn
Not easily removed |
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Archael mbns
Aspects? |
Composed of unique lipids
some have a monolayer structure |
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Functions of cell mbns?
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Separation of contents from environment
Selectively permeable Location of crucial metabolic processes detection of & response to chemicals in surroundings with aid of receptors |
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All ? molecules require a ? to enter cell
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hydrophillic
transport system |
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Internal mbn systems
Mesosomes Structure? Function? |
Envagination of plasma mbn
Important in cell wall formation during cell division Chromosome replication and distribution Secretory processes |
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Complex enfoldings of plasma mbn
functions? structure? |
used i/o chloroplasts in photosythetic bact.
electron transport in prok. may be aggregates of spherical vesicles, flattened vesicles or tubular |
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Substance in prok. between mbn and nucleoid?
Contains? Important aspect? |
cytoplasmic matrix
ribosomes inclusion bodies highly organized with respect to protein location |
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prok. ribsomes vs. euk. ribosomes
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70s vs. 80s
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crucial activities of ALL cells?
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reporoduction (DNA)
energy metabolism protein synthesis (make DNA) mbn integrity osmotic integrity |
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important aspects of osmotic integrity in bacteria
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-plays into control of bacteria
organisms with cell walls protected from lysis but not crenation |
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Inclusion bodies
Important aspects? |
organic or inorganic stockpiled material
some are enclosed by single-layered mbn can contain amino acids |
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Prokaryotic ribosomes
Important aspects? Function? Structure? |
smaller than eukary. ribos
site of protein synthesis consist of protein & ribosomal RNA small/large parts-only come together during protein synthesis |
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Nucleoid
Important aspects? Why? Structure? |
Location of SINGLE chromosome
No backup strand. ALL mutations are expressed in prokaryotes Irregularly-shaped region |
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Chromosome
Important aspects? |
closed circular double stranded DNA molecule
looped & coiled extensively nucleoid proteins probably aid in folding but differ from histones in eukaryotes |
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unusual nucleoids
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some pros have more than 1 chrom.
some have linear dbl stranded DNA some have mbn-delineated nucleoids |
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plasmids
description? Functions? |
small circular DNA molecules-10-20 genes
not a part of bacterial chromosome exist & replicate indep. of chromo. not req'd for growth or repro. but can be transferred to other bacteria may carry genes that confer selective advantage |
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Cell wall
Definintion? Functions? |
rigid structure that lies outside of plasma mbn.
gives characteristic shape to cell protects cell from lysis may also make cell more pathogenic can protect from toxic substances cell can survive in hypotonic solutions |
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Cell walls gram positive
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Thick/Simple structure
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Cell walls gram negative
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Thinner/More complex structure
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Periplasmic enzymes
Where found? Function? |
found in periplasm of gram-neg bacteria
-nutrient acquisition -electron transport -peptidoglycan synthesis -modification of toxic substances |
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Endospores
Function? Structure? Important to know these aspects? |
Structures formed when environmental conditions are not favorable.-Not for reproduction
Resistant/tough structures Where in cell they grow If they form Shape of endospore |
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Compare plasma mbn structure:
prokaryotes vs. archaea |
Archaeal mbns are composed of unique lipids.
Covalent bonds between leaflets making a monolayer structure Helps them survive in extreme environments |
