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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what was the primary emphasis of the progressive movement?
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strengthening government as an instrument of social betterment
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what groups were prominent among those who aroused the progressive movement by stirring the public's sense of concern?
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socialists, social gospel ministers, women, and muckrakers
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what class were most of these people from?
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urban middle-class
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who were popular journalists who used publicit to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government?
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muckrakers
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when did most of the muckraking take place?
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1902
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name the targets of exposés:
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child labor
railroads oil industry urban government meat packing industry racial discrimination/ segregation |
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lincoln steffens
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corrupt city governments
The Shame of Cities |
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Ida Tarbell
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business investigations of fraud and force
History of the Standard Oil Company |
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Upton Sinclair
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unsanitary conditions in meat-packing plants
The Jungle |
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Frank Norris
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railroads' control over economic life of farmers
the Octopus |
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Jack London
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warned of a workers' uprising that could wipe out private capitalism
Revolution |
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Ray Stannard Baker
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segregation and racial discrimination in America
Following the Color Line |
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Jacob Riis
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life in the tenements of New York
How the Other Half Lives |
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when did the meat-packing horrors become exposed?
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1906
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What was the original intent of this exposure?
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concern for the workers in the meat-packing plants
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What laws did this expose lead to?
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Meat Inspection Act
Pure food and drug act |
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What were three political reforms sought by the progressives?
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1. initiative and referendum
2. direct election of senators (17th amendment) 3. women's suffrage |
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what is a progressive device that would allow voters to remove corrupt or ineffective officials from office?
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recall
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what is a progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves?
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initiative
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what progressive measure required US senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by the state legislatures?
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17th amendment
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where did progressivism first gain strength politically?
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city and state levels
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in what states did progressivism gain a large influence first?
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Wisconsin, Oregon, and California
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Who was the most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912?
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Robert La Follette
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How did La Follette and other governors lead the way in pursing progressive goals?
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universities
regulatory agencies |
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what new york city disaster underscore urban workers' need for government protection and regulation?
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
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What case upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness?
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Muller vs Oregon
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What Supreme Court case caused a setback for progressives and why?
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Lochner vs New York; overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour workday for bakers
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what powerful women's reform organization was led by frances Willard?
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WCTU
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what dangerous labor conflict was resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business people?
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Anthracite Coal Strike
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How did Roosevelt end the Pennsylvania coal strike?
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forcing mediation by threatening to seize the coal mines and operate them federal troops
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what was T. Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business?
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Square Deal
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At what industry were the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act aimed and what specifically was each law concerned with?
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railroad industry
Elkins- Curbs rebates Hepburn- stops bribery |
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what did roosevelt believe about monopolistic corporate trusts?
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only bad trusts should be broken up
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what powerful northwestern railroad monopoly was broken up by Roosevelt's trust-busting?
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Northern Securities Company
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What is considered to be Theodore Roosevelt's greatest presidential achievement?
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conservation policies
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what controversy revealed a philosophical disagreement between wilderness "preservationist" like John Muir and more moderate conservationists like Gifford Pinchot?
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over San Francisco building a Dam for its water supply
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What is the difference between preservationists and moderate conservationists?
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Moderate conservationists- want to use nature intellectually for man's use
preservationist- want to stop all human intrusions |
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what was a brief but sharp economic downturn of 1907, that conservatives blamed on the supposedly dangerous president?
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"Panic of 1907"
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why was Roosevelt blamed for this panic?
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boat rocking tactics that unsettled industry
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In what two areas did Roosevelt's progressivism make substantial headway?
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1. conservationism
2. consumer legislation |
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who was Roosevelt's handpicked successor who was expected to continue and extend Roosevelt's progressive policies after the election of 1908?
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Taft
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What was Taft's generally unsuccessful foreign policy in which government attempted to encourage overseas business ventures?
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Dollar Diplomacy
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In what two areas of the world was it attempted to mobilize American business to support US foreign policy?
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East Asia
Latin America |
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What issues caused the Progressive republicans to become disillusioned with Taft?
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conservation, tariffs, and trust busting
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Who was a pro conservation forestry federal official whose dismissal by taft angered Roosevelt progressives? when?
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Gifford Pinchot; 1910
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How did the Ballinger- Pinchot controversy divide the Republican party?
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forced Taft into an alliance with the Republican “Old Guard” against the pro-Roosevelt progressives
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why did roosevelt finally decide to break with the Republicans and form a third party? when?
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When Taft used his control of the Republican convention to deny Roosevelt the nomination in 1912
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