Progressive Movement

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Progressive Movement

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what? an effort to cure many of the ills of American society
when? developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the last quarter of the 19th century.

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John Dewey

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who? an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
significance? Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology.

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scientific management

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what? a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. significance? Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management.

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Ida Tar Bell

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who? an American teacher, author and journalist.
significance? She was known as one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era, work known in modern times as "investigative journalism".

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Seventeenth Amendment

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what? the United States Constitution established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote. The amendment supersedes Article I, § 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which Senators were elected by state legislatures.
significance? It also alters the procedure for filling vacancies in the Senate, to be consistent with the method of election. It was adopted on April 8, 1913.

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Theodore Roosevelt

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who? the 26th President of the United States (1901-1909).
significance? He is noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity

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Elkins Act

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when? a 1903
what? United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.[1] authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates.
significance? The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers and employees were all made liable for discriminatory practices.

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Hepburn Act

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when? a 1906
what? United States federal law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates.
significance? This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers.[1] In addition, the ICC could view the railroads' financial records, a task simplified by standardized bookkeeping systems

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The Jungle

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when? a 1906 novel
who? journalist Upton Sinclair.
what? Sinclair wrote the novel to point out the troubles of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century.
significance? The novel depicts in harsh tones poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of those in power

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Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

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what? a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines

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Meat Inspection Act

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when? substantially amended by the 1967 Wholesome Meat Act (P.L. 90-201),
what? requires the United States Department of Agriculture to inspect all cattle, sheep, goats, and horses when slaughtered and processed into products for human consumption (21 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).
significance? this act made sure that meat was thoroughly inspected before reaching its consumers

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Sixteenth Amendment

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the United States Constitution allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results. This amendment exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes, after income taxes on rents, dividends, and interest were ruled to be direct taxes in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (1895). It was ratified on February 3, 1913.

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Eugene V. Debs

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an American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (WWI), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.[

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Federal Reserve Act (1914)

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the central banking system of the United States. It was created in 1913 with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907

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Clayton Anti Trust

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was enacted in the United States to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency. That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts)

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Federal Trade Commission (1914)

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a bipartisan body of five members appointed by the President of the United States for seven year terms. This commission was authorized to issue Cease and Desist orders to large corporations to curb unfair trade practices. This Act also gave more flexibility to the US Congress for judicial matters. It passed the Senate by a 43-5 vote on September 8th, 1914 and, without a tally of yeas and nays, it passed the House on September 10th.

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Niagara Movement

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a black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter. It was named for the "mighty current" of change the group wanted to effect and Niagara Falls, which was near where the first meeting took place in July 1905.

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Booker t Washington

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an American educator, author, orator, and political leader. He was the dominant figure in the African American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915.

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W.E. B Dubois

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an intellectual leader in the United States as sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor.

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NAACP

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an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909.[3] Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination"

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Alice Paul

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an American suffragette and activist. Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign for woman's suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920

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Carrie Chapman Catt

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a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women.

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19th Amendment

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the United States Constitution prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920.

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League Of Women Voters

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an American political organization founded in 1920[1] by Carrie Chapman Catt during the last meeting of the National American Woman Suffrage Association approximately six months before the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote

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trust busting

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Progressive reformers believed that trusts were harmful to the nation's economy and to consumers. By eliminating competition, trusts could charge whatever price they chose. Corporate greed, rather than market demands, determined the price for products. Progressives advocated legislation that would break up these trusts