Progressive Movement

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progressive movement

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*period of social activism and reform that flourished from the 1890s to the 1920s
*main goal of the Progressive movement was purification of government, as Progressives tried to expose and undercut political machines and bosses
*Progressives supported prohibition in order to destroy the political power of local bosses based in saloons

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john dewey

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*American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform
*important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology.

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scientific management

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*theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity

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Ida Tarbell

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* one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era, work known in modern times as "investigative journalism"
*first person to take on Standard Oil

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Seventeenth Amendment

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*established direct election of United States Senators by popular vote

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Theodore Roosevelt

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*noted for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, and his "cowboy" image and robust masculinity
* leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912

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Trust Busting

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*Trust-busting was not a term the president favored. He believed the offending corporations needed to be regulated, not destroyed. Many of his big business critics, however, failed to note the difference.

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Elkins Act

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*authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. The railroad companies were not permitted to offer rebates. Railroad corporations, their officers and employees were all made liable for discriminatory practices

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Hepburn Act

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*1906 United States federal law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. This led to the discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers

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The Jungle

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*Sinclair wrote the novel to point out the troubles of the working class and to show the corruption of the American meatpacking industry during the early-20th century. The novel depicts in harsh tones poverty, absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and hopelessness prevalent among the working class, which is contrasted with the deeply-rooted corruption on the part of those in power

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Meat Inspection Act

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*equires the United States Department of Agriculture to inspect all cattle, sheep, goats, and horses when slaughtered and processed into products for human consumption
*this act made sure that meat was thoroughly inspected before reaching its consumers. The primary goals of the law are to prevent adulterated or misbranded livestock and products from being sold as food, and to ensure that meat and meat products (as well as poultry) are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

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Sixteenth Amendment

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*allows the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on Census results

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Eugene V. Debs

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*American union leader, one of the founding members of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States

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Federal Reserve Act (1914)

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* response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907
* conduct the nation's monetary policy, supervise and regulate banking institutions, maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions

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Claxton Anti Trust

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* enacted in the United States to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime by seeking to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency

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Federal Trade Commission ( 1914)

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a bipartisan body of five members appointed by the President of the United States for seven year terms

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Nigagara Movement

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* black civil rights organization founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter
* call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement as well as policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by African American leaders such as Booker T. Washington

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Booker T. Washington

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* American educator, author, orator, and political leader. He was the dominant figure in the African American community in the United States from 1890 to 1915
*Representative of the last generation of black leaders born in slavery, he spoke on behalf of blacks living in the South

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W.E.B. Dubois

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* an intellectual leader in the United States as sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor
*attempted virtually every possible solution to the problem of twentieth-century racism—scholarship, propaganda, integration, national self-determination, human rights, cultural and economic separatism, politics, international communism, expatriation, third world solidarity

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NAACP

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*an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909.[3] Its mission is "to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination"

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Alice Paul

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*Along with Lucy Burns and others, she led a successful campaign for women's suffrage that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920

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Carrie Chapman Catt

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*a women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women

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19th Amendment

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* prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920

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League of Women Voter

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* American political organization founded in 1920[1] by Carrie Chapman Catt during the last meeting of the National American Woman Suffrage Association approximately six months before the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution gave women the right to vote