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199 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of systems from simple to complex
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Chemical
Cellular Tissue Organ System Organsim |
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Embryology is a subdivison of
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Developmental anatomy
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When talking about anatomical position what is the characteristic
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Feet are flat on the floor
Client is standing upright, facing the theripist Upper limbs at sides with palms facing anteriorly |
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What is fluid in the space between cells
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Intercelluar fluid
Interstitial fluid Tissue Fluid |
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What are orgnas in the mediastinum (covers all thoracic)
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Heart
Esophagus Trachea Thymus Gland |
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What cavity are the lungs part of
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Pleural Cavity
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Which is dorsal/posterior body cavities
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Cranial
Spinal |
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The serous membrane associated with the heart is
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Pericardium
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What organs are part of the abdominal cavity
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Spleen
Liver Pancreas Gall Bladder Kidneys |
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What cavity is the urinary bladder part of
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Pelvic Cavity
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What organs are part of the pelvic cavity
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Uterus
Ureters Large Intestines Urinary Bladder |
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What system is the body control center and common network
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Nervous
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The body is divided into two equal right and left halves by a _______ section
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Midsagittal
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The vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left sides is called a ______ plane
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Midsagittal
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Which plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions
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Horizontal
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The lungs are ________
to the liver |
Superior
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What direction is the heart from the lungs
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Medial
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Which direction are the ears from the tip of the nose
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Lateral/Posterior
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Which direction is your right shoulder from your navel
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Superior/Lateral
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Which term means away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure
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Inferior
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Which system is composed of a series of glands that secrete hormones
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Endocrine
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Contralateral means
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Opposite side of the body
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In which cavity does the heart lie
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Thoracic
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In which cavity can the large intestines be found
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Abdominal
Pelvic |
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Name the structure that contains all the contents of the thoracic cavity except the lungs
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Mediastinum
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Which are signs
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Diarrhea
Fever Swelling |
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What would be a symptom
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Headache
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A structure that responds to a specific change in the enviroment by initiating a nerve impulse is called
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Receptor
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What is the system in which the output counteracts the input to regain homeostasis
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Negative feedback
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What is the change that a cell undergoes from an unspecialized cell (to be come diffferent) to a specialized cell
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Differentiation
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The human skin belongs to which major body systme
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Integumentary
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Which systems are characterized as protecting against diseases well as returning proteins and plasma to the cardiovascular system
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Lymphatic
Immune |
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which system supports and protects, assists in body movements, houses cells that give rise to blood cells and stores minerals
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Skeletal
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Which system regulates the volume and chemical composition of blood, eliminates waste, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, helps regulate red blood cell count
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Urinary
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Whcih direction is defined as nearer to or at the front of the body
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Anterior
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Which directional term means on the same side of the body
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Ipsilateral
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Which directional term means nearer to the midline of the body
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Medial
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Water is needed to
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Lubricate
Maintain Temperature As a solvent |
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Something not found in the normal body
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Acetylsalicyclic Acid(Aspirin)
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Which is needed to rebuild tissue
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Proteins
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What are examples of orgainc compounds
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Proteins
Lipids Nucleic Acid |
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What are inorgainc compounds
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Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen Water |
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What are two things are always contained in orgainic compounds
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Hydrogen
Carbon |
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Water is a _______ compound
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Inorganic
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What is the most abundant inorganic substance in humans
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Water
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The elements found in carbohydrates are
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Oxygen (Inorganic)
Carbon (orgainic) Hydrogen (Orgainic) |
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Steroids are classified as
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Lipids
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If a protein encounters a hostile enviroment in which temperature, pH, or salt concentration is altered, it may unravel and loose its characteristic shape, a process called
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Denaturation
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Substances the emulsify or suspend fats before their digestion and absorption are known as
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Bile salts
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A saturated fat is saturated with
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Hydrogen
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What is the most plentiful lipid in the human body
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Triglyceride
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An impulse is conducted from one neuron to another neuron at a
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Synapse
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The distal end of dendrite, or a sensory structure associated with the distal end of dendrite is know as
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Receptor
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A phospholipid bilayer is present in the
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Cell Membrane
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A fluid mosaic model is associated with the
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Plasma Membrane
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In which process is water ingested into the cell without the use of pseudopodia
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Pinocytosis
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Movement of the extracellular liquid into a cell is known as
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Pinocytosis
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DNA is formed in the
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Nucleus
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Which structure contains DNA and is responsible for cell division
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Nucleus
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The movement of molecules from an area of high concetration to an area of low concetration is
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Diffusion (passive process)
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Osmosis is what type of process
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Passive
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What is responsible for the production of ATP
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Mitochondria (power house of a cell)
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The sites for production of ATP at the cellular are
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Mitochondria
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The sites for production of high energy compunds in the cell are
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Mitochondria
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The process by which cells liminate debris and metabolic wastes is
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Exocytosis (release)
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The process whereby cancer spreads from one site to another
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Metastasis
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A general tem for a malignant tumor of epithelial tissue is
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Carcinoma
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In the formation of gametes, nuclear division is know as
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Meiosis
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In which phase does the nuclear membrane disapper and the chromatin coil into distinct chromosomes
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Prophase
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The part o f the neuron that conducts the impulse away form the nerve cell body is the
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Axon
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What does the sodium/ potassium pump do at resting membrane potential in a neuron
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Pumps K in and Na out of a cell
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The cellular contents between a cell's outer limiting mebrane and its nucleus is
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Cytoplasm
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Which lipids compose approximately 3/4 of the lipids inthe plasma membrane of a human cell
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Phospholipids
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Simple diffusion is
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When equilibrium is obtained in diffusion, random molecular motion continues but there is no further net diffusion
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Osmois is
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Osmosis is a passive process
Water moves by osmosis across a membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to stop flow of water across the membrane Normally, the osmotic pressure of the cytosol inside the cells is the same as the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid outside |
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What type of cells form an organs functioing part
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Parenchyma
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Cell junctions
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ingibit the movement of materials between certain cells
Provide cell to cell attachements Provide channels for communication between other cells |
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Transitional epithelium is not found in what lining
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Esophagus
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Where is transitinoal epithelium found
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Bladder
Ureters Urethra |
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Epithelium
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Covers body surfaces
Forms ducts of glands Lines body cavity |
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Rich capillary beds are found in
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Skeletal muscle
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The attachment between epithelium and connective tissue is called
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Basement Membrane
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Which fibers are found in the basal lamina and form the framework for soft organs
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Reticular
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Most exocrine glands in the body are
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Merocrine
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______ are found in abundance along blood vessels and release histamine & heparin
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Mast Cells
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Muscle is attached to bone by
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Tendons
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Hyaline cartilage is found in
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Articular Cartilage
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What do the tissues of the larynx ( voice box) and arteries have in common
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Both have elastic connective tissue
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Seletal muscle is not
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Involuntary
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In which type of muscle would striations be found
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Cardiac
skeletal |
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Muscles found within the body, such as those in the artery walls are called
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Involuntary
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What is a characteristic of epithelial cells
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Columnar
Cuboidal Squamus |
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Which is a connective tissue cell that secretes antibodies
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Plasma cells
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Which is a connective tissue cell that produces histamine
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Mast cells
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Whcih is not classified as masture connective tissue
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Mucous
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Which connnective tissue forms tendons, ligaments and aponeurosis
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Dense irregular connecitve tissue
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Cartilage?
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Cartilage has no blood vessels or nerves except those in the perchondrium
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Serous membranes
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Are coverings the lungs know as pleura
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The final stage of cell division is
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Telophase
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What aids in the healing process
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Age
Blood Supply Nutrition |
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The growth layer of the epithelium is the
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Stratum Basle
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What hormone is produced by the skin in the presence of sunlight
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Vitamin D
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Which part of the dermis is directly under the epidermis
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Papillary Region 20%
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The process of scar tissue formation is also know as
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Fibrosis
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Sebaceous (oil glands) are not found on or in the
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palms and soles
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Blackheads result from blocking of the ______ glands
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Sebaceous
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The skin
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Protects sensory end organs
Serves as an excretory organ Aids in heat regulation |
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Keratin is a
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Protein
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Hair grows from
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The Stratum Geminativum (Stratum Basale)
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What is the function of the skin
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Protection of underlying tissue
Excretion fo waste Regulation of body temperature |
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Which vitamin is necessary for the proper absorption of calcium from the intestine
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Vitamin D
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Which membrane is the skin
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Cutaneous
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What are epithelial membrane
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Cutaneous
Serous Mucous |
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Is the Cartilage present in vertebral discs
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The growth of cartilage is accomplised by ______
growht (from within) and ____growth from without |
Interstitial
Appositional |
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Skin is
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10-11 pounds in an adult
It is classified as an organ It covers 22 square feet in an adult One's psychological state and nutrition affect both the apperance and health of the skin |
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The subcutaneous layer, known as the hypodermis, cosists of the which two tissue
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Areolar
Adipose |
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Which is a function of skin
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Blood Reservoir
Excretion Immunity Regulation of body temperature |
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The epidermis is composed of
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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List the three main pigments in skin
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Hemoglobin
Carotene Melainin |
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In caucasians the skin apperas pink to red wit the red color coming from
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Hemoglobin
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Sebaceous Glands
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These glands are absent in the soles and palms
These glands are large in the skin of the brests, face, neck and upper chest These glands secrete sebum Enlarged sebaceous glands due to accumulated sebum are known as blackheads |
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A first degeee burn is characterized by
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Typical sunburn
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Which membrane lines bursa
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Synovial
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Which of the following nutrients are needed for bone repair
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Vitamin D
Vitamin C Calcium |
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The cancellous tissue of flat bones is filled with
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Red marrow (hemoposis production)
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Bones are covered with
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Periosteum
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Which bones contain red bone marrow
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Femur
Costals Sternum |
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Osteoblasts_____, while osteclasts______
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Build
Destroy |
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The most important orgain interstitial substance in bone is
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Collagen
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What amount of bone matrix is organic material
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1/4
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Bone tissue
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Stores Calcium
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Resorption of bone in remodeling is done by which cell
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Osteoclsts (crush bone)
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Bone function to
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Provide the framework for the body
Store P Store calcium |
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The small canals that connect lacuane in the Haversian system are
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Canaliculi
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The cartilaginous area between the primary and secondary ossifciation centers is the
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Epiphyseal plate
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A fracture of the distal end of the radius in which the distal fragment is diplaced posteriorly is a
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Colle's fracture
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A break of the fibula and serious injury ot he distal tibial articulation is called
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Pott's fracture
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The growth of new bone materail around a fracture is called
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Callus
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The shaft of a long bone is called
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Diaphysis
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By what age have all bones ossified
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21
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Articular cartilage of typical long bone is composed of what
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Hyaline cartilage
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The matrix of bone is _____% water, _____%protein fibers and ____%mineral salts
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25
25 50 |
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Cells that form bone but have lost the ability to go through mitosis are called
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osteoblasts
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Unspecialized cells derived from mesenchyme which develop into osteoblasts are called
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Osteoprogenitor
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Small spaces in bone tissue which contain osteocytes are know as
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Lacuane
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Minute canals radiating in all directins from the lacunae are known as
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canaliculi
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Rings composed of hard, clacified matrix surronding the Haversian canals are known as
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Concentric Lamellae
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Site for hematopoiesis in adults
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Hip bone
Rib Sternum Vertebrae |
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Greenstick fractures
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The anatomical alignment of bone fragments is preserved
the bone is usually twisted apart Weakening of a obne due to disease A fracture at right angles to the long axis of the bone |
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What is clacitonin and its effects on bone
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It is secreted byt he parifollicular cells of the thyroid gland
It is secreted when blood clacium rises above a nornal level It inhibits osteoclastic activity It promotes bone formation and dereses blood calcium level |
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What is the degeneration of cartilage allowing the boeny ends to touch, and usually associated with elderly
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Osteoarthritis
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Which is a malignant tumor composed of bone tissue
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Osteogenic Sarcoma
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Bundles of collagen fibers that have a parllel arrangement that provide great strength when pulled in one direction are correctly classified as _____ connective tissue`
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Dense regular
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Endothelium is correctly classified as
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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The layer of the epidermis that is respnsible for continual cell division is the stratum Germinativum (Stratum Basale) Deepest layer
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stratum Germinativum (Stratum Basale) Deepest layer
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What cell maintains bone tissue but does not undergo mitosis
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Osteocyte
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Bone normally heals by the formation of an
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Callus (thinking of the Stratum Corneum)
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White blood cells remove cellualar debris and microorganisms during
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Phagocytosis
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the skin is composed primarily of
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Epidermis
Dermis |
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In the process of wound healing of the skin, a blood clot forms, vasdilation of blood vessels occurs, and mesenchymal cells develop into fibroblasts during the _____phase
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Inflammartory
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What is the function of the epiphyseal plate
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Allows the diaphysis of the bone to grom in lenght but not in width
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Exocytosis is
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Cellular secretion
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In a mild second degree burn
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Blisters typically form
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Mast cells produce
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Heparin/histamin
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What do the skin of the hand and inside lining of stomach have in common
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Same kind of tissue (epitheal tissue)
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The process whereby cells "drink" by moving liquid from outside the cell to the inside is called
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Pinocytosis
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Synovial membrane secretes
|
Synovial fluid
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Haversian systems are found in
|
Compact bone
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The basic unint of compact bone is known as an
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Osteon
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A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division is called
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Cancer
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Site of aerobic cellular respiration and produces ATP
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Mitochondria
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Digests worn out organelles
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Lysosome
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Site of protein synthesis
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Ribosomes
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Packages proteins for export
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Golgi complex
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What would be passive transport
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Diffusion
Osmosis Facilicated diffusion |
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Amino acids are the basic untis of
|
proteins
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Fe is the chemical symbol for
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Iron
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Which layer is the outermost of the epitelium
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Stratum Corneum
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A pigment stored in certain cells is
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Melanin
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Organelles concerned primarily with synthesizing proteins for use inside the cell
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Free ribosomes
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Connective tissue cells do not
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contain microvilli
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What represents the sum total of decompostion and syntesis reaction
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Metabolism
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Bile is responsible for
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emulsification of fats
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What is not invovled in rickets
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magnesium
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The vessel that drains blood away from the liver is the
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hepatic vein (exit)
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Organelles that funtion in intracellular digestion, digestion of cellular contents during embyological evelopement digestion of worn out organelles, and extracelluar digestion are know as
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lysosomes
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The most important organic interstitial substance in bone is
|
Collagen
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The material in bone that gives it strength is called
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Collagen
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A bundle (cord) of dense connective tissue which attaches muscles to bone is a
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Tendon
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The attachment between epithelium and connective tissue is called
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Transitional cells
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Connective tissue is
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Osseous
Reticular Adipose |
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Adipose tissue
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Serve to cushion
Serve to store energy Serve to insulate |
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Adipose tissue does not
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Aid metabolism
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In what type of cartilage are fibers not readily visible
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Hyaline cartilage
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Smooth muscles are found in what organs
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Stomach
Uterus Bladder Airways to lungs Intestines Gallbladder |
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Organelles in the cell that synthesize protein for use primarily within the cell are know as
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Free ribosomes
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What are the major elements
|
Carbon
Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen |
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The portion of a cell that is responsible for cell division is
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Nucleus
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