Professor Pretell Test 3 Urinary System Anatomy And Physiology Mdc

Front 1

Renal cortex

Back 1

A granular superficial region

Front 2

• Renal medulla

Back 2

• The cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids
separated by renal columns

Front 3

• Lobe

Back 3

• A medullary pyramid and its surrounding
cortical tissue

Front 4

• Major calyces

Back 4

• The branching channels of the renal pelvis that
• Collect urine from minor calyces
• Empty urine into the pelvis

Front 5

kidneys lateral surface

Back 5

convex lateral surface

Front 6

renal hilum leads to

Back 6

renal sinus

Front 7

concave

Back 7

medial
surface of kidneys

Front 8

renal pelvis

Back 8

funnel shaped tube within renal sinus

Front 9

papila

Back 9

the tip of pyramid, releases urine into calyx

Front 10

2 main parts of nephron

Back 10

Two main parts
1. Glomerulus: a tuft of capillaries
2. Renal tubule: begins as cup-shaped
glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule surrounding
the glomerulus

Front 11

renal corpuscle =

Back 11

glomerulus and its capsule

Front 12

2 layers of renal tubule

Back 12

-Parietal layer: simple squamous epithelium
• Visceral layer: branching epithelial podocytes

Front 13

Parietal layer:

Back 13

simple squamous epithelium

Front 14

• Visceral layer

Back 14

branching epithelial podocytes

Front 15

podocytes

Back 15

Extensions terminate in foot processes that
cling to basement membrane

Front 16

Filtration slits in visceral layer

Back 16

Filtration slits allow filtrate to pass into the
capsular space

Front 17

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) made of

Back 17

• Cuboidal cells with dense microvilli and large
mitochondria

Front 18

• Functions in reabsorption and secretion
• Confined to the cortex

Back 18

PCT

Front 19

Renal Tubule

Back 19

• Loop of Henle with descending and ascending
limbs

Front 20

Thin segment of loop of Henle, usually in descending limb, Freely permeable to water, is made up of:

Back 20

• Simple squamous epithelium

Front 21

Thick segment of ascending limb of loop of henle is made up of:

Back 21

• Cuboidal to columnar cells

Front 22

DCT function:

Back 22

• Function more in secretion than reabsorption
• Confined to the cortex

Front 23

Distal Convoluted Tubule cell make up:

Back 23

Cuboidal cells with very few microvilli

Front 24

Collecting Ducts (function)

Back 24

• Receive filtrate from many nephrons
• Fuse together to deliver urine through papillae
into minor calyces

Front 25

Collecting Ducts (make up)

Back 25

• Cell types
• Intercalated cells
• Cuboidal cells with microvilli

Front 26

INTERCALATED CELLS IN collecting ducts

Back 26

• Function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body

Front 27

GLOMERURAL BLOOD PRESSURE IS HIGH BECAUSE

Back 27

• Afferent arterioles are smaller in diameter
than efferent arterioles
• Arterioles are high-resistance vessels

Front 28

Peritubular capillaries arise from

Back 28

• Arise from efferent arterioles

Front 29

Peritubular capillaries empty into:

Back 29

• Empty into venules

Front 30

Peritubular capillaries are

Back 30

• Low-pressure, porous capillaries adapted for
absorption

Front 31

peritubular capillaries

Back 31

• Cling to adjacent renal tubules in cortex

Front 32

Nephron Capillary Beds
3. Vasa recta

Back 32

• Long vessels parallel to long loops of Henle
• Arise from efferent arterioles of
juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 33

Nephron Capillary Beds
3. Vasa recta

Back 33

• Function information of concentrated urine

Front 34

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) how many?

Back 34

• One per nephron

Front 35

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) function:

Back 35

• Important in regulation of filtrate formation and
blood pressure

Front 36

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) location:

Back 36

• Distal portion of the ascending limb of the loop
of Henle

Front 37

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) type of arteriole:

Back 37

• AFFERENT (sometimes efferent) arteriole

Front 38

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) cells:

Back 38

• Granular cells (juxtaglomerular, or JG cells)
• Enlarged, smooth muscle cells of arteriole

Front 39

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) act as:

Back 39

• Act as mechanoreceptors that sense blood
pressure

Front 40

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA) contain:

Back 40

• Secretory granules contain renin

Front 41

Filtration Membrane

Back 41

• Porous membrane between the blood and the
capsular space

Front 42

Filtration membrane consists of:

Back 42

• Consists of
1. Fenestrated endothelium of the glomerular capillaries
2. Visceral membrane of the glomerular capsule
(podocytes with foot processes and filtration slits)
3. Gel-like basement membrane (fused basal laminae of
the two other layers)

Front 43

Glomerular capillary
covered by

Back 43

podocytecontaining
visceral
layer of glomerular
capsule

Front 44

Filtration Membrane

Back 44

• Negatively charged basement membrane
repels large anions such as plasma proteins
• Slit diaphragms also help to repel macromolecules

Front 45

Filtration Membrane

Back 45

• Allows passage of water and solutes smaller
than most plasma proteins
• Fenestrations prevent filtration of blood cells

Front 46

hyperventilate

Back 46

reduce CO2

Front 47

reduce CO2 =

Back 47

bring reaction toward reduction

Front 48

acidosis

Back 48

causes hyperventilation

Front 49

hyperventilation

Back 49

blows off CO2

Front 50

holding breath, pulmonary restriction =

Back 50

buildup CO2, reaction

Front 51

RENAL ARTERY-

Back 51

caries blood from aorta to kidneys

Front 52

renal arteries are BEHIND the-

Back 52

renal veins

Front 53

renal artery to RIGHT kidney is -

Back 53

LONGER than the renal artery to the left kidney

Front 54

renal vein empties into the -

Back 54

inferior vena cava

Front 55

left kidney is higher than-

Back 55

the right kidney because the liver crowds the right kidney

Front 56

renaltosis is-

Back 56

decent or drop of kidneys due to loss of fat pad

Front 57

____ causes resistance to drainage of urine

Back 57

renaltosis

Front 58

kidney can perform-

Back 58

autoregulation

Front 59

kidney surrounded by -

Back 59

outer layer that does not stretch

Front 60

renal cortex-

Back 60

nephrons are there

Front 61

afferent arteriole-

Back 61

feeds glomerulus

Front 62

renal cortex-

Back 62

outer side

Front 63

renal columns =

Back 63

projections of the cortex INTO THE MEDULLA

Front 64

apex of PYRAMID

Back 64

papilla

Front 65

nephron =

Back 65

functional unit

Front 66

RENAL pyramid + its ancillary structures=

Back 66

renal lobe

Front 67

renal artery enters and becomes

Back 67

segmental artery

Front 68

interloba becomes

Back 68

arctuate

Front 69

arctuate becomes

Back 69

cortical radiate

Front 70

a portal system is

Back 70

fed and drained by an arteriole

Front 71

portal system connects 2 different

Back 71

capillary beds

Front 72

glomerulus leads to

Back 72

efferent and then peritubular capillaries

Front 73

peritubular capillaries

Back 73

low pressure

Front 74

glomerulus

Back 74

high pressure

Front 75

on the way out

Back 75

no segmental veins

Front 76

on way out interlobars flow into

Back 76

renal veins

Front 77

The afferent arteriole has a wider diameter

Back 77

than the efferent arteriole.

Front 78

membrane does not allow

Back 78

proteins to pass, but does allow amino acids to pass

Front 79

no proteins in the

Back 79

urine ever because proteins cannot get past the filtration membrane

Front 80

filtration membrane is selective on size and on

Back 80

charge (electrical), and size of particles

Front 81

simple osmosis.

Back 81

only water travel through cells no solvent drag at all

Front 82

transcellular water flow-

Back 82

water returns to us by travelling between the cells

Front 83

paracellular water flow-

Back 83

water returns to us by travelling between the cells

Front 84

solvent drag-

Back 84

water when returning to body drags in some solvent materials

Front 85

basal membrane

Back 85

large numbers of sodium atpase pumps, which remove sodium and bring in potassium

Front 86

potassium is the primary cation of the

Back 86

intracellular fluid

Front 87

sodium is the primary cation of the:

Back 87

extracellular fluid

Front 88

basolateral membrane of cell

Back 88

inward facing surface of epithelial cell, surface facing away from lumen, responsible for waste removal and dumping into lumen of renal tubule

Front 89

pumping Na into interstitial fluid makes it-

Back 89

hypertonic

Front 90

sodium =

Back 90

water attractant

Front 91

60-65% of water reabsorbed at:

Back 91

PCT

Front 92

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Back 92

Na out makes room for more... other things brought in too...no ATP used directly

Front 93

symport

Back 93

both in

Front 94

antiport

Back 94

one in one out

Front 95

proximal tubular mechanism -

Back 95

to secrete H+

Front 96

convoluted tubule has:

Back 96

intercalated cells

Front 97

visceral layer of glomerular capsule:

Back 97

in order:

fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus, basement layer, podocyte

Front 98

Hydrogen ion secretion in the collecting tubule is the process primarily responsible for acidification of the urine:

Back 98

particularly during states of acidosis.

Front 99

Proximal reabsorption of bicarbonate can be affected by many factors, in particular:

Back 99

potassium balance, volume status and renin/angiotensin levels.

Front 100

proximal convoluted tubule has:

Back 100

microvilli and below that mitochondria

Front 101

Na

Back 101

most abundant cation in filtrate