Prof. Issues Test 1

Front 1

Professionalism

Back 1

the upholding by individuals of the principles,laws, ethics and conventions of their profession

Front 2

the 4 pillars of professionalism of Schulich’s School of Medicine& Dentistry

Back 2

Altruism (he belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others)

• Integrity

• Responsibility

• Respect

Front 3

REGULATORY

Back 3

determine education, qualityassurance, discipline, registration of members;accountable to the public

Front 4

ASSOCIATIONS

Back 4

offer continuing education, lobbygovernment; responsible to their members

Front 5

Associations and RegulatoryBodies; Dental Assistants:

Back 5

ODAA – Ontario DentalAssistants Association CDAA- Canadian DentalAssistants Association

Front 6

Associations and RegulatoryBodies; Dentists:

Back 6

ODA – Ontario Dental Association

CDA – Canadian DentalAssociation

RCDSO – Royal College of DentalSurgeons of Ontario

Front 7

Associations and RegulatoryBodies

Back 7

ODHA – Ontario DentalHygienists’ Association CDHA – Canadian DentalHygienists Association CDHO – College of DentalHygienists of Ontario

Front 8

What is the difference between a regulated profession and one that is considered public domain

Back 8

-

Front 9

DUTIES LEVEL II DENTALASSISTANTS CANNOT PERFORM

Back 9

Placing and removing matrixes and wedges

Placing cavity liner

Front 10

PREVENTIVE DENTAL ASSISTANT SKILLS (PDA)(Listed with RCDSO prior to January 1, 2000) Includes, but not limited to all duties of CERTIFIED Level I DentalAssistants PLUS

Back 10

- Mechanical polishing of the coronal portion of the teeth

- Placement and removal of rubber dam

- Taking of preliminary impression of teeth for study models

- Topical application of anti-cariogenic agents

-Oral hygiene instruction with an intra-oral component

Front 11

The paramount responsibility of acertified dental assistant is to

Back 11

thehealth and well-being of the patient

Front 12

RHPA

Back 12

REGULATED HEALTH PROFESSIONS ACT

Proclaimed in 1991 in Ontario

Set out the governing framework for theregulated health professions in Ontario 26 self regulated colleges

Also called the Umbrella Act

Gave self regulation to 4 dental professions

Front 13

Each of the regulated professions have

Back 13

anindividual scope of practice

Front 14

AS WELL AS

Back 14

• specific controlled acts

• standards of practice

Front 15

CONTROLLED ACTS

Back 15

Dentistry Act Bill 49

Dental Hygiene Act Bill 47

Front 16

REGULATED DENTALPROFESSIONS IN ONTARIO

Back 16

• Dentistry

• Dental Hygiene

• Denturists

• Dental Technologists

Front 17

Registered Dental Hygienist; Controlled acts include:

Back 17

1. Scaling teeth and root planing including curetting surroundingtissue.

2. Orthodontic and restorative procedures.

3. Prescribing, dispensing, compounding or selling a drug designatedin the regulations. 1991, c. 22, s. 4; 2009, c. 26, s. 4 (1).

Front 18

REGISTERED NURSE

Back 18

1. Changing of intra oral and extra oral dressings - performed on the order of a member of the RCDSO

2. Intravenous and nitrous monitoring

Front 19

RHPA

Back 19

• What are some of the benefits to the public for havingthis act in Ontario?

Front 20

RHPA BENEFITS

Back 20

•Better protect and serve the public interest

•Be a more open and accountable system of self-governance

•Provide a more modern framework for the workof health professionals

•Provide consumers with freedom of choice

•Provide mechanisms to improve quality of care

Front 21

RHPA TERMS

Back 21

• CONTROLLED ACTS

• PUBLIC DOMAIN

• SELF-INITIATION

• DELEGATION

• ASSIGNMENT

Front 22

RHPA Terms CONTROLLED ACTS

Back 22

• Possibility to pose a serious threat of harm, specialized training

• Listed by the RHPA (look under Prohibitions) The RHPA lists 14 controlledacts that are considered potentially harmful if performed byunqualified persons.

Front 23

PUBLIC DOMAIN or NON-CONTROLLED ACTS

Back 23

• Less risk of harm than acts that are controlled • Not listed by the RHPA

• The expectation for anyone performing a procedure or task withinthe public domain are that they are competent and act in the bestinterest of the patient/client.

Front 24

SELF-INITIATION

Back 24

• The regulated health professional is free to decide if they canproceed with their controlled acts

Front 25

DELEGATION

Back 25

Authority (ie. by a dentist) to give permission to another person toperform a controlled act (ie. take radiographs) – no regulation inplace yet for dentists to do this for DA’s in some respects (ie matrixband, liner and wedges)

Front 26

ASSIGNMENT

Back 26

• Assign non-controlled acts – public domain

• Examples of public domain duties?

• Given by DDS to Level II Dental Assistant

Front 27

Dental Assistants & RHPA

Back 27

•Dental Assistants are neither governed norregulated under the RHPA

•Not subject to legislation

•Not legally bound to have a quality assuranceprogram

•No mechanism to deal with complaints

Front 28

May 1999 RCDSO approved “________” to appropriately qualified persons

Back 28

assigning of intra- oral procedures

Front 29

WHAT DOES ASSIGNMENTMEAN?

Back 29

The direction, authority, or permission given by adentist to a person for the performance of an intra-oralprocedure other than a controlled act

A member may not assign an intra-oral procedure to aperson other than pursuant to the provision of thisstandard or another applicable standard

Front 30

qualification for dental assistants to perform Level IIintra oral procedures in Ontario are:

Back 30

Be a graduate of an approved DA program

Successful completion of the National DentalAssisting Examination

Be an ODAA member in good standing

Commit to our Code of Ethics

Commit to maintaining your certification by payingyour annual dues and submitting proof of continuingeducation

Front 31

REQUIREMENTS BY THE DENTIST

Back 31

What are the requirements that a dentistmust follow when he/she assigns apublic domain duty to a qualified LevelII Dental Assistant?

Front 32

REQUIREMENTS BY DENTISTSCont’d

Back 32

Is responsible for the performance of theassigned procedures

Must be present in the office suite whileprocedure is being performed

Ensure prior to the patients being dischargedthat the procedure was performed safely andcompetently

Ensure that the person who is being assignedhas the qualifications required by thisstandard to permit the performance of thatprocedure

Must maintain in her/his office thedocumentation by which the memberestablished that the person has the requiredqualifications

Front 33

Supervision of Intra-oral Dental Assisting Practice in Canada

Back 33

•Ontario hygienists who hold a license with theauthorization to self-initiate may employ dentalassistants and may assign intra-oral proceduresunder their direct supervision. The proceduresmust be within the dental assistants’ permittedscope and within the self-initiated scope of thehygienists.

Front 34

Regulatory examples

Back 34

• Dentists RCDSO

• Hygienists CDHO

Front 35

Association examples

Back 35

• Assistants ODAA CDAA

• Dentists ODA CDA

• Hygienists ODHA CDHA

Front 36

•As a professional dental assistant, youare bound by an

Back 36

ethical code of conduct

Front 37

Merriam-Webster defines ethics as

Back 37

•An area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behaviour.

•A branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong.

Front 38

Basic Ethical Principles

Back 38

•AUTONOMY*

•NONMALEFICENCE*

•CONFIDENTIALITY*

•BENEFICENCE*

•SLANDER

•JUSTICE*

•VERACITY*

•JURISPRUDENCE

Front 39

Autonomy

Back 39

•Refers to the right to -self-determination -self-governance -make one’s own decision •Basis of informed consent -Permits clients to make decisions about their own health -Clients must be fully informed of the parameters of the treatment to be provide and the consequences of performing or not performing those services

Front 40

Nonmaleficence

Back 40

•Obligation to do no harm

•Preventing and removing harm

•Ie. standard precautions forinfection control

Front 41

Confidentiality

Back 41

•Critical aspect of trust

•Related to respect for persons

•Trust is essential for the exchange ofpersonal and intimate information from the client to the clinician

•Client has the right to privacy regardingtheir dental records

Front 42

Beneficence

Back 42

•The principle of doing good, acting forthe benefit of others

•Promotion of no harm

•Not inflicting harm, protecting anddefending the rights of others, helping vulnerablepopulations and those with disabilities

Front 43

Slander

Back 43

•Oral defamation inwhich someone tells one or more persons an untruth about another that will harmthe reputation of the defamed person

Front 44

Justice

Back 44

•Concerned withproviding individuals with what they are owed, due or deserved

•Often viewed as a principle of equality

•Regardless of age, gender, social status,religion, or other distinguishing factors, each person is entitled to the sameoral health care options when there is a similar health care need

Front 45

Veracity

Back 45

•Refers to being honest and telling thetruth

•Basis of the trust relationship essentialbetween client and health care professional

•Truthfulness allows client to use theirautonomy to make decisions in their best interest

•Obligation of veracity is based onrespect for clients and autonomy

Front 46

Jurisprudence

Back 46

legallimitations of the practice of …(dentistry, dental assisting) Ie. regulations and civil law

Front 47

You have been learning personal ethicsthroughout your life in a variety of ways from the following sources

Back 47

•Basic instinct

•Parents

•Teachers

•Religion

•Observation of other people’s behavior

Front 48

Basic Principles of Ethics

Back 48

•Regard for self-determination

•A regard for self-determination(autonomy) includes the right to privacy, freedom of choice, and the acceptanceof responsibility for one’s own actions

•To “do no harm” (nonmaleficence)

•Promotion of well-being (beneficence)

Front 49

Basic Principles of Ethics, (Cont.)

Back 49

•Regard for justice

•Promotion of well-being

•Veracity

•Confidentiality

•PrivacyContinuingeducation

Front 50

Confidentiality

Back 50

•Confidentiality is a very important issuein the health profession

•Healthcare professionals have anobligation to respect the patient’s privacy

•However, conflicts involving theprinciple of confidentiality, such as in reporting suspected child or elderabuse, will arise

•Sometimes the patient’s right toconfidentiality must be balanced against the rights of other individuals

Front 51

Professional Code of Ethics

Back 51

•“Voluntary standards of behaviour established by a profession” (MDA, 11th ed., p. 28)

•All of the major professions (e.g., dental, medical, legal) have written codes of ethics

•These are voluntary standards of behavior, not laws, and serve as a method of self-policing within a profession The codes of ethics of most professions have been revised to keep them consistent with the times, but there has never been a change in the moral intent or overall idealism

Front 52

Professional Code of Ethics,(Cont.)

Back 52

•Reasons for a code of ethics

•To demonstrate to the public the standardof conduct that can be expected from its members

•To increase the ethical consciousness andethical responsibility of its members

•To guide its members in making informedethical decisions

•To establish a standard for professionaljudgment and conduct

Front 53

Examples of Unethical Behavior

Back 53

•Charging the patient for a full set ofx-rays when only six films were taken (principle of justice)

•Pressuring a classmate into a decision(principle of autonomy)

•Refusing to help a classmate learn(principle of well-being)

•Harming another person by repeatinggossip about him or her (principle of doing no harm)

Front 54

The Difference Between Ethics andLaw

Back 54

•Legal issues are settled with the use oflaws and court decisions

•Ethical issues are subject to individualinterpretation with regard to the right or wrong of a particular situation

Front 55

Steps for Solving Ethical Dilemmas

Back 55

•Step 1: Identify the alternatives

- What alternatives do I have?

- What are the likely outcomesof each alternative?

•Step 2: Determine all implications

- With each alternative, determinewhat “should” and “should not” be done professionally. You must carefullyconsider all specific professional obligations relevant to the situation.

•Step 3: Rank the alternatives

- Then, select the best alternative.If 2 are equal, choose 1 or the other.

•Step 4: Choose a course of actionWhen you follow these steps, youwill be more comfortable with your decision.

Front 56

Applying Ethical Principles

Back 56

•Before you make any judgments, beabsolutely certain of all the information and circumstances

•You may be faced with a situation inwhich somebody you work with violates ethical standards

•If violations of ethical conduct havebeen committed, you must make some decisions

Front 57

Ethical Dilemmas

Back 57

•Can you improve the circumstances?

•If not, do you wish to remain under these circumstances? Should you seek other employment?

•If you remain, will it affect you in the eyes of future employers?

•These decisions are difficult, especially if you like your employer and enjoy your job

•A dental assistant is not legally obligated to report questionable actions on the part of the dentist or to try to alter the circumstances

• However, an ethical dental assistant will not wish to participate in substandard care or unlawful practices that may be harmful to patients