Procedures Ch. 10 L Spine, Sacrum, Coccyx

Front 1

Compared with the spinous processes of the C and T spine, the lumbar spinous processes are _____?

Back 1

Larger and more blunt

Front 2

The ridge of the upper sacrum

Back 2

Promontory

Front 3

Each sacroiliac joint is obliqued posteriorly ____ degrees

Back 3

25-30degrees

Front 4

The angle of the midlumbar spine zygapophyseal joints in relation to the midsagittal plane

Back 4

45 degrees

Front 5

Where the pars interarticularis is found

Back 5

between the superior and inferior articular processes

Front 6

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine are classified as ____ joints with ____ type of joint movement.

Back 6

synovial, plane

Front 7

The ear and front leg of the "Scottie dog" make up the ___ joint, best seen in the oblique position.

Back 7

zygapophyseal

Front 8

topographic landmark that corresponds with L2-L3

Back 8

lower costal margin

Front 9

The CR placement for an AP L spine projection on a 14x17 IR

Back 9

1-1.5" above iliac crest

Front 10

The set of zygapophyseal joints of the L spine demonstrated with an LAO position

Back 10

right

Front 11

Rotation needed of the spine is required to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint space between L1-L2

Back 11

50 degrees from plane of table

Front 12

CR angulation needed for the lateral L5-S1 projection if the waist is not supported

Back 12

5-8 degrees caudal

Front 13

CR angulation needed for an AP axial L5-S1 on a female patient

Back 13

35 degrees cephalad

Front 14

The CR placement for an AP axial projection of L5-S1

Back 14

ASIS level and midline

Front 15

Projection or method designed to demonstrate the degree of scoliosis deformity between the primary and compensatory curves as part of a scoliolis study

Back 15

PA Ferguson

Front 16

CR placement for an AP projection of the sacrum

Back 16

2" above the pubis symphysis

Front 17

Radiograph of an AP projection of the Lspine reveals that the SI joints are not equidistant from the spine. The right ala of the sacrum appears larger and the left SI joint is more open than the left. Which specific positioning error is evident on this radiograph?

Back 17

Patient is rotated to the right

Front 18

A radiograph of an LPO projection of the Lspine reveals that the downside pedicles are projected toward the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies. What must be done to correct this error during a repeat?

Back 18

decrease spine rotation

Front 19

An AP projection of the sacrum reveals that the sacrum is foreshortened and the foramina are not open. What posistioning error led to this radiographic outcome?

Back 19

not enough CR angulation

Front 20

A PT with a possible compression Fx of L3 enters the ER. Which projection(s) of the L-spine best demonstrate the extent of this injury?

Back 20

Lateral

Front 21

A study of the SI joints demonstrates that the joints are not open and the upper iliac wings are nearly superimposing the joints. The tech performed 35deg RPO and LPO posistions with a perpendicular CR. What can be done during repeat to open the joints?

Back 21

Decrease the rotation of the body for the oblique

Front 22

A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes

Back 22

Pars interarticularis

Front 23

The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form

Back 23

Intervertebral foramina

Front 24

Radiographic position that best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina

Back 24

Lateral

Front 25

The small foramina found in the sacrum

Back 25

pelvic sacral foramina

Front 26

Another term for the sacral horns

Back 26

cornu

Front 27

The oblique angle the SI joints lie to the coronal plane

Back 27

30deg

Front 28

Formal term for the "tail bone"

Back 28

coccyx

Front 29

The joints demonstrated with the LPO L-Spine projection

Back 29

left zygapophyseal joint

Front 30

The joints demonstrated with the RAO L-spine projection

Back 30

left sygapophyseal joints

Front 31

The joints demonstrated in a lateral L-spine projection

Back 31

right zygapophyseal joints

Front 32

The joints demonstrated in the RPO projection

Back 32

right zygapophyseal joints

Front 33

The joints demonstrated in the LAO L-spine projection

Back 33

right zygapophyseal joints

Front 34

topographical landmark associated with S1-2

Back 34

ASIS

Front 35

topographical landmark associated with T9-10

Back 35

Xiphoid process

Front 36

topographical landmark associated with L2-3

Back 36

lower costal margin

Front 37

topographical landmark associated with L4-5

Back 37

Iliac crest

Front 38

Topographical landmark associated with tip of coccyx

Back 38

symphsis pubis

Front 39

rotation required to properly visualize the zygapophyseal joints at level L5-S1

Back 39

30deg

Front 40

Where the CR should be centered for an L5-S1 projection of L-spine

Back 40

1.5" inferior to the iliac crest

Front 41

Anterior wedging of the vertebrae with loss of body height.
May be due to trauma, osteoporosis or metastatic disease

Back 41

Compression Fx

Front 42

Results from hyperflexion force that causes fx through the vertebral body and posterior elements.
Those elements include: spinous process, pedicles, facets, and transverse processes.

Back 42

Chance Fx

Front 43

Mostly malignant neoplasms that spread to distant sites through blood and lymphatics.
Can be visualized as destructive with irregular margins and decreased densities, osteoblastic, with increased densities or a combination of both

Back 43

Metasteses

Front 44

Failure of the posterior elements of the vertebrae to close, exposing part of the spinal cord.
Varies in severity and occurs most often at L5

Back 44

Spina Bifida

Front 45

Forward movement or slipping of one vertebra in relation to another
Usually occurs at L5-S1

Back 45

Spondylolisthesis

Front 46

The anterior ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is termed

Back 46

Promontory