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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac catheterization |
Insertion of a catheter in the heart via vein or artery femoral radial brachial |
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indications for cardiac catheter |
Measure heart pressure perform angioplasty valvoplasty or cardiac biopsy perform intravascular vessel narrowing perform intracardiac echocardiograhy |
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contraindication of cardiac catheterization |
allergic to contrast medium uncontrolled hypertension coagulopathy arrthymias kidney failure sever anemia uncompensated HF Transient ischemic attack
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Before cardiac catheterization |
CBC U&E LFT PT PTT CXR ECG IV access NPO 6 hrs without hypoglycemic |
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During cardiac catheterization |
cover with sterile draps mild LA incision of catheterization |
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During cardiac catheterization |
cover with sterile draps mild LA incision of entry catheterization |
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After cardiac catheterization |
Blood workup vitals |
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complications of cardiac catheterization |
haemorrhage reaction to contrast loss of peripheral pulse angina arrthymias pericardial tamponade infection |
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echocardiograhy |
Sound of the heard ultrasound wave |
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Use of echocardiograhy |
detect LV aneurysm estimate heart hemodynamics diagnosis valve disease and pericardial effusion identify lesions in congenital heart disease, vegetation in IE and hypertrophic cardiomegaly |
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limitation of echocardiograhy |
Not done in people who are obese, COPD or emphysema people on mediations such as nitrate, beta blockers or Ca channel blockers require the skills and experience of a trained cardiologist |
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ECG |
Measure electrical activities in the heart |
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indication of ECG |
Cardiac murmur syncope seizures cardiac dysthymia symptoms MI |
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contraindication of ECG |
sever Q wave unstable angina sever AS uncontrollable arrthymias hypertension heart failure acute myocarditis, pericarditis,aortic dissection and pulmonary embolism |
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advantages of ECG |
painless Non invasive potable easy to perform |
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disadvantage of ECG |
Not accurate false negative |
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factors affecting ECG results |
detachment or faulty placement of leads electrolyte imbalance in blood body temperature |
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advantage of CT |
High resolution of contrast differentiate structures/tissue |
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disadvantage of CT |
expensive reaction to contrast- itching metallic taste hot flush |
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contraindication of CT |
Pregnancy claustrophobic metals |
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contraindication of CT |
Pregnancy claustrophobic metals |
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Use of colonoscopy |
rectal bleed Fe dificiency persistent diarrhea biopsy of lesion seen with barium enema assesment or suspension of IBS colon cancer surveillance |
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Use of colonoscopy |
rectal bleed Fe dificiency persistent diarrhea biopsy of lesion seen with barium enema assesment or suspension of IBS colon cancer surveillance |
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Procedure of colonoscopy |
NPO bowl clean with enema patient in fetal position told to relax tube is lubricated and after DRE it is inserted in colon |
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complication of colonoscopy |
Abdominal pain perforation hemorrhage after biopsy |
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ABG reading |
pH- 7.35-7.45 CO2 - 35-45 HCO3 - 18-22 O2 - 80-100 O2 saturation - 90 % base excess -2-+2 |
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complication of ABG |
hematoma thrombus infection |
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procedure of ABG |
palpate arterial pulse sterilize site heparinized needle and full syring hold pressure at site shake blood transport |
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ultrasound |
Use of sound waves to demonstrate 2 images of internal body structure |
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advantages of ultrasound |
portable non invasive real time no ionization cheap can enter organs |
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disadvantages of ultrasound |
Not use on obese individual only ultrasound technician and read images interference from bowel gas |
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lumbar puncture |
Collection if CSF |
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indication for lumbar puncture |
suspected meningitis hydrocephalus Bening intracranial hypertension for medication in spinal anesthesia presence of malignant cells in CSF
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contraindication of lumbar puncture |
vertebral deformities hypertension bradycardia decrease GCS increase intracranial pressure coagulopathy infection Abnormal respiratory pattern |
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complication of lumbar puncture |
post tap head paralysis spinal bleeding |
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procedure of lumbar puncture |
1 - patient in fetal postion 2- lumbar area prepared for aseptic technique 3- local anesthesia 4- find the iliac crest go to the midline L3/L4 or L4/L5- 2 give dura mater arachnoid mater 5- pressure of site 6- patient lay on back for 6 hours |
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MRI advantage |
Non ionized excellent for soft tissue 3D imaging |
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disadvantage of MRI |
expensive poor for lung parenchyma and GI mucosa claustrophobic and noisy time consuming limited availability |
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disadvantage of MRI |
expensive poor for lung parenchyma and GI mucosa claustrophobic and noisy time consuming limited availability |
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contraindication of MRI |
1-Cardiac pacemaker 2-metallic foreign bodies 3-aneurysm clips 4-artificial heart valve 5-cochlear implant 6-pregnancy 7-unable to complete questionnaire |
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bronchoscopy indication |
suspected Lung Ca slow resolving pneumonia interstitial lung disease bleeding to obtain tissue specimen |
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contraindication of bronchoscopy |
uncontrolled arrthymias inability to oxygenate patient acute respiratory failure uncooperative patient recent MI high grade tracheal obstruction uncontrolled coagulopathy |
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complication of bronchoscopy |
Respiratory depression bleeding pneumothorax fever brochocospasm laryngospasm |
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indication of renal biapsy |
1-Acute Nephrotic syndrom 2-unexplained proteinuria/haematuria 3- systemic disease to Asses kidney dysfunction 4- suspected transplant rejection 5- to guide treatment |
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contraindication of renal biopsy |
1-Bleeding 2-uncontrolled hypertension 3-uncooperative patient 4-sever azotemia 5-kidney abnormality 6-skin infection 6-pregnancy/obesity 8-UTI |
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complication of renal biopsy |
Bleeding hematoma AV fistula pain |
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pre procedure for kidney biopsy |
CBC PT PTT Cross match stop aspirin 1 week b4 and warfrin 2 days b4 |
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procedure of kidney biopsy |
Patient in prone and area sterilized patient hold breath as needle is inserted in kidney dress area and rest |
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Bone marrow aspiration indication |
1-diagnose and manage leukemia 2-investigate pancytopenia 3-monitored chemo effects 4-rule out or confirm malignancy to the bone 5 - evaluate bone marrow transplant success 6- diagnose infection of unknown origin |
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contraindication of bone marrow aspiration |
Bleeding infection |
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complication of bone marrow aspiration |
mild soreness redness fever swelling |
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paracentesis |
needle drainage of fluid from a body cavity |
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indication for paracentesis |
relieve abdominal pressure from ascities diagnose metastasis diagnosis bacterial peritoneum diagnose blood in peritoneal space |
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contraindication of paracentesis |
end stage renal disease Cirrhosis coagulopathy sepsis bleeding |
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complication of paracentesis |
Infection induce peritonitis bowel perforation |
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sites for bone morrow aspiration |
Posterior superior iliac fossa anterior superior iliac fossa sternum |
