Pro Tools Lesson 4

Front 1

Before you begin recording in a session, you should ensure that your system has enough ___ for the project.

Back 1

Storage space

Front 2

The amount of storage space consumed by audio clips in a project will vary, depending on the ___ and ___ of the session.

Back 2

Bit depth and sample rate

Front 3

Pro Tools records all audio using sample rates ranging from ___ to ___.

Back 3

44.1 kHz to 192 kHz

Front 4

Pro Tools records all audio with bit depths of ___, ___, or ___.

Back 4

16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit floating point.

Front 5

At a sample rate of 44.1 kHz, each track consumes approximately ___ of disk space per minute for 16-bit audio (mono).

Back 5

5 MB

Front 6

At a sample rate of 44.1 kHz, each track consumes approximately ___ of disk space per minute for 24-bit audio (mono).

Back 6

7.5 MB

Front 7

At a sample rate of 44.1 kHz, each track consumes approximately ___ of disk space per minute for 32-bit floating point audio (mono).

Back 7

10 MB

Front 8

Recording at a sample rate of 88.2 kHz consumes ___ as much space as recording at 44.1 kHz.

Back 8

twice

Front 9

Recording in stereo consumes ___ the space of recording in mono.

Back 9

twice

Front 10

Pro Tools audio files require a small amount of additional disk space to store associated clip metadata; this can add up to ___ to the total file size.

Back 10

0.3 MB per minute

Front 11

What is the equation for bits per second?

Back 11

Sample Rate x Bit Depth = Bits per Second

Front 12

Bits per Second × 60 = ___

Back 12

Bits per Minute

Front 13

What is the equation for Megabytes (MB) per Minute?

Back 13

Sample Rate × Bit Depth / 139,810 = MB per Minute

Front 14

With a session running, you can monitor storage space and estimate the amount of available record time remaining for your project using the ___.

Back 14

Disk Usage window

Front 15

To access the Disk Usage window, choose...

Back 15

Window > Disk Usage

Front 16

The Disk Usage window shows ___ on each mounted hard drive, using the current session's ___.

Back 16

-the number of continuous track minutes available

-sample rate and bit depth

Front 17

Once you have ___, ___, and ___, you will need to prepare your hardware and software for recording.

Back 17

-created a session

-added an Audio track (or tracks) to record onto

-verified that you have adequate disk space available for your project

Front 18

A click track can be useful as a ___ while recording.

Back 18

tempo reference

Front 19

What are the three general steps used to prepare for recording audio?

Back 19

1. Check the hardware connections.

2. Record-enable the Audio tracks.

3. Set the track input path and input level.

Front 20

When you're working with a song or other composition that is bar- and beat-based, you might want to record tracks while listening to ___ in Pro Tools.

Back 20

a MIDI generated metronome click

Front 21

What is the benefit of recording tracks while listening to a MIDI generated metronome?

Back 21

It ensures that recorded material, both MIDI and audio, will align with your session's bar and beat boundaries.

Front 22

Aligning track material with beats allows you to...

Back 22

-take advantage of many useful MIDI editing functions in Pro Tools.

-arrange your song in sections by copying and pasting measures in Grid mode.

Front 23

To set up a click track, use the ___ command.

Back 23

TRACK>CREATE CLICK TRACK

Front 24

The TRACK>CREATE CLICK TRACK command inserts the ___ plug-in on ___.

Back 24

Click II, a new Auxiliary Input track

Front 25

The Click II plug-in is a ___ plug-in that creates ___ during session playback.

Back 25

mono, an audio metronome click

Front 26

The Click Il plug-in receives its ___ from the Pro Tools application, enabling it to ___ in a session.

Back 26

tempo and meter data, follow any changes in tempo and meter that have been set

Front 27

The Click Il plug-in includes ___ for you to chose from.

Back 27

several click sound presets

Front 28

To configure the Click II plug-in, choose ___ to enable the Click option, if not already active.

Back 28

OPTIONS>CLICK

-OR-

Metronome button in Transport window

Front 29

What do you do to open the Click II plug-in window?

Back 29

From the Insert panel for the click track (Mix or Edit window), click on the Click II insert nameplate.

Front 30

In the Click II plug-in window, you can...

Back 30

-Set the outputs level and click sound for the accented beat of the audio click (Beat 1 of each bar).

-Set the output level and click sound for the unaccented beats of the audio click.

Front 31

To exit the Click II plug-in window...

Back 31

Click the CLOSE icon. (upper-left corner on Mac, upper-right corner on Windows)

Front 32

Choose ___ to open the Click/Countoff Options dialog box; set the Click and Countoff options as desired.

Back 32

SETUP>CLICK/COUNTOFF

Front 33

The Note, Velocity, Duration and Output options in the Click/Countoff Options dialog box are used with ___ and do not affect ___.

Back 33

MIDI instrument-based clicks, the Click II plug-in

Front 34

Once you set up the Click II plug-in and begin playback, a click is generated according to the ___ and the settings in ___.

Back 34

tempo and meter of the current session, the Click/Countoff Options dialog box

Front 35

To record audio, you will need to connect an ___, or other sound source to your Pro Tools system.

Back 35

instrument, microphone

Front 36

Most audio interfaces have inputs designated for ___.

Back 36

different sound sources and input types

Front 37

Before starting to record, you should verify that ___ is connected to ___ and that ___.

Back 37

your sound source

the appropriate inputs of the audio interface

the signal is being passed through correctly

Front 38

For basic recording, it is simplest to use the ___ inputs on your audio interface that match your needs.

For example, ___ for a mono source or ___ for a stereo pair.

Back 38

lowest available

Input 1, Inputs 1 and 2

Front 39

When checking hardware connections, it may be necessary to check ___ and/or ___ to ensure ___ or to ___.

Back 39

The configuration of your audio interface

The Hardware Setup of your system

Correct routing of inputs

Change existing settings

Front 40

Depending on your audio interface, what can you use to define which physical inputs and outputs on your audio interface are routed to available inputs and outputs in Pro Tools?

Back 40

-physical controls or switches

-the controls in the Hardware Setup dialog box

-a separate control panel

Front 41

On an Avid Mbox, what can you use to choose which connector source (front or rear) is routed to each Pro Tools input?

Back 41

The source selector switches on the front panel of the Mbox.

Front 42

To set up an Audio track in Pro Tools for recording, click the track's ___ button.

Back 42

RECORD ENABLE

Front 43

What windows can you access the RECORD ENABLE button in?

Back 43

Either the Edit window or the Mix window.

Front 44

How can you tell if a track is record-enabled?

Back 44

The RECORD ENABLE button will flash red, and the Track Fader will turn red.

Front 45

What does it mean when a Track Fader turns red?

Back 45

The track has been record-enabled, and the Track Fader is now functioning as a record monitor level control.

Front 46

To record-enable multiple Audio tracks, click the ___ buttons on additional tracks.

Back 46

RECORD ENABLE

Front 47

To record-enable all tracks of a particular type in the session...

Back 47

OPTION-CLICK (Mac) or ALT-CLICK (Windows) on any track's RECORD ENABLE button.

Front 48

To route a signal from an input on your interface to a track for recording, you would use the track's ___.

Back 48

Audio Input Path selector

Front 49

To set the incoming signal on an Audio track...

Back 49

...locate the channel strip for the track you will record to in the mix window.

Front 50

Once you have located the channel strip for the track you will record to in the mix window, verify...

Back 50

...that the input displayed on the Input path selector matches the input that your sound source is plugged into on your audio device.

Front 51

Once you have verified that the input displayed on the Input path selector matches the input that your sound source is plugged into on your audio device, if necessary...

Back 51

...click the INPUT PATH SELECTOR to make changes, selecting the correct input path from the pop-up menu. (Stereo tracks will have a pair of inputs routed to the track.)

Front 52

As a general rule, input levels should be adjusted to obtain...

Back 52

...a strong, clean signal while avoiding clipping.

Front 53

Unlike when recording to tape, you do not to record at ___ in Pro Tools.

Back 53

the highest possible level

Front 54

Recording too hot can leave little room for subsequent ___ and can lead to ___, which is always detrimental to audio quality.

Back 54

gain-based processing (such as EQ)

digital clipping

Front 55

For best results, aim for an average peak input level around ___ or lower, keeping the track meter in the ___ range.

Back 55

(-6 dBFS)

(yellow)

Front 56

To aim for a good average peak input level...

Back 56

...adjust the level of your analog source while monitoring the indicator lights on your onscreen track meter.

Front 57

How much disk space is consumed per minute by a mono track at sample rate of 44.1 kHz and bit depth of 16–bit?

Back 57

5 MB per minute

Front 58

How can you monitor the storage space available on your system to determine the amount of recording time remaining for each mounted hard drive?

Back 58

Open the Disk Usage window

Front 59

How can you create a click track for a session? What kind of track is used for a click track?

Back 59

TRACK>CREATE CLICK TRACK

Aux Input Track

Front 60

What window(s) can you use to record–enable an Audio track?

Back 60

Either the Edit window or the Mix window.

Front 61

What selector can you use to route a signal from an input on your interface to a track for recording?

Back 61

Audio Input Path selector

Front 62

How can you adjust the input level going to a record–enabled track? Can you use the Volume Fader to achieve a strong signal going to disk?

Back 62

You will typically need to change the source volume by adjusting the mic placement, or modify the incoming signal strength using a mixer or pre-amplifier.

You can't adjust record levels with the Volume Fader, just the playback levels.

Front 63

How can you place a session in Record Ready mode after record–enabling a track? What modifiers/shortcuts are available to initiate recording without first entering Record Ready mode?

Back 63

-Click the record button on transport

-CMD + Spacebar

-F12

Front 64

Where are recorded audio files stored for Pro Tools sessions?

Back 64

The Audio Files folder within the session folder.

Front 65

What term is used to describe an unedited audio file in Pro Tools? What term is used to describe the smaller, edited pieces of the original sound file?

Back 65

Whole file clip OR Parent file.

Clip or subset clip.

Front 66

What types of clips are represented by boldface type in the Clip List? What type is represented by normal type?

Back 66

Whole file clip or parent clip. Subset clip.

Front 67

How do the track names affect the default names of the audio files you record in Pro Tools?

Back 67

Track file will name audio file same, or without name will be called Audio_00+n (i.e. Audio_01)

Front 68

Describe two ways to rename an audio file after recording into Pro Tools.

Back 68

Double click with grabber tool,

go into clip list and right click to edit name or use drop-down menu.

Front 69

How would you go about removing unwanted audio from the Clip List without deleting the files from disk?

Back 69

Select audio file in clip list, and right click or choose crop down menu. Choose clear. Choose the remove option.

Front 70

How would you go about deleting unused whole–file clips to erase them from your hard drive? Can this action be undone?

Back 70

Delete vs remove. Cannot be undone.

Front 71

What happens to disk space consumption if the sample rate is doubled with the same bit depth?

Back 71

It doubles.

Front 72

Many Pro Tools and third party I/O devices provide ___ for their inputs. For all other I/O devices, record levels are set entirely ___.

Back 72

pre-amplifier gains,

from the source or pre-I/O signal processing

Front 73

In the case of direct digital recording, which involves a one-to-one transfer, the source levels are copied...

Back 73

...directly to Pro Tools, typically with no level adjustment possible. (Some digital playback devices support digital output gain adjustment, allowing levels to be modified at the source.)

Front 74

Setting the pan affects the stereo placement of a signal for ___ purposes only; it has no affect on ___.

Back 74

monitoring and playback

how the audio files are actually recorded

Front 75

To set the pan position of the signal...

Back 75

...change the position of the Pan knob(s) for the track in the Mix window.

Front 76

The pan knob is initially set to ___, signifying the center of the stereo field. Pan settings range from ___.

Back 76

>0<

<100 (hard left) to 100> (hard right)

Front 77

To display the Transport window, if it is not already showing, hit ___.

Back 77

WINDOW > TRANSPORT

Front 78

To display or hide the expanded view...

Back 78

-click the EXPANDED VIEW toggle button

-click the Transport window menu icon and select EXPANDED TRANSPORT

Front 79

When you are record-enabled, to start recording...

Back 79

Click PLAY in the Transport window (or press the SPACE BAR).

Front 80

You can press ___ to start recording immediately without first entering Record Ready mode.

Back 80

COMMAND+SPACE BAR

or F12

Front 81

When you have finished your record take, click...

Back 81

the STOP button in the transport window (or press the SPACE BAR).

Front 82

Click the ___ button on the Audio track to take it out of Record Ready mode.

The track's Volume Fader will now function as a ___ level control rather than as an ___ level control.

Back 82

RECORD ENABLE

playback, input-monitoring

Front 83

If you have overloaded your audio inputs during recording and caused clipping, the top-most indicator on the level meter will ___. Click the ___ to clear it.

Back 83

stay lit

indicator light

Front 84

Each time you record audio into Pro Tools, you create...

Back 84

…a single audio file that appears in both the Clip List and the Track Playlist.

Front 85

An audio file is ___.

Audio files, or whole file clips, as they are known in Pro Tools, ___.

Back 85

an entire unedited, continuous audio recording

are written and stored externally from your session file

Front 86

Organizing audio files involves maintaining information...

Back 86

...both within the Pro Tools session and within the external files.

Front 87

When sound files are to recorded onto stereo Audio tracks, in addition to appearing in boldface type...

Back 87

...the word stereo is shown in parentheses at the end of the file name.

Front 88

Pro Tools lists all whole-file clips in ___ and all other clips in ___.

Back 88

boldface type

normal type

Front 89

When you record audio into Pro Tools, the audio files are stored in your session's ___ by default.

Back 89

Audio Files folder

Front 90

As you begin to edit, you also create smaller, more manageable pieces of the original sound file, called ___.

Back 90

subset clips, or simply clips

Front 91

An audio subset clip is ___, normally stored within the session document, that ___.

Back 91

an electronic pointer

references some portion of an audio file

Front 92

The Clip List in the Edit window shows all ___ that have been used in your session.

Back 92

subset clips and whole-file clips

Front 93

Subset clips do not store ___, but instead store ___.

Back 93

audio information directly

information used to display, edit, and play back audio information contained in the whole-file clip or audio file

Front 94

Organizing audio subset clips is generally...

Back 94

...internal to Pro Tools only.

Front 95

The Clip List in the Edit window shows all ___ and ___ that have been used in your session.

Back 95

subset clips

whole-file clips

Front 96

Pro Tools lists all whole-file clips in ___ and all other clips in ___.

Back 96

boldface type

normal type

Front 97

When sound files are recorded onto stereo Audio tracks, in addition to appearing in ___ type, the word stereo ___.

Back 97

boldface

is shown in parentheses at the end of the file name

Front 98

Clips on stereo Audio tracks allow you to view both left and right channels of the clip separately by ___.

Back 98

clicking the disclosure triangle

Front 99

___ represent pieces of audio data that can be moved or edited within Pro Tools.

Back 99

Audio clips

Front 100

___ are created during normal editing, either by the user or automatically by Pro Tools, and can refer to any type of audio.

Back 100

Audio clips

Front 101

Audio clips can appear in the Track Playlist.

Each audio clip on a track is displayed using...

Back 101

...a sold rectangle to clearly delineate the clip boundaries.

Front 102

During recording and editing, Pro Tools gives your audio files and clips default file names.

Pro Tools names whole-file clips using...

Back 102

...the name of the Audio track followed by an underscore and the take number for that track.

Front 103

Audio 1_01

Back 103

Audio 1 is the mono track name and 01 is the take number

Front 104

Music_01 (Stereo)

Back 104

Where Music is the stereo track name and 01 is the take number

Front 105

Audio 1_02-01

Back 105

Audio 1_02 is a whole-file clip on a mono track and 01 is the edit number for that clip

Front 106

Music_02-01 (Stereo)

Back 106

Music_02 is a whole-file clip on a mono track and 01 is the edit number for that clip

Front 107

To change the default name that Pro Tools assigns to a clip, do one of the following:

Back 107

Double-click the file or clip in the Edit window (with the GRABBER tool) or in the Clip List.

Front 108

When you rename a stereo file or clip, ___ are renamed accordingly.

Back 108

both corresponding left and right channels

Front 109

Double-clicking on a MIDI clip opens the ___ by default.

This behavior can be changed using the associated Preferences setting ___.

Back 109

MIDI Editor window

(SETUP > PREFERENCES > MIDI)

Front 110

When renaming a whole-file clip, you can select from the following options in the Name dialog box:

Back 110

Name Clip Only.

Renames the file clip in Pro Tools but leaves the original file name on the hard drive unchanged.

Name Clip and Disk File.

Renames the clip in Pro Tools and renames the file on the hard drive as well.

Front 111

When you remove a clip from a session...

Back 111

...the parent audio file remains on the hard drive and can be used in other clips elsewhere in the session or in other sessions.

Front 112

When you delete an audio file from the hard drive...

Back 112

...all clips referring to that file are removed from the session, and the file is permanently deleted.

Front 113

Pro Tools requires that all clips used on ___ remain in the Clip List.

Back 113

any Track Playlist

the Undo queue

the Clipboard

Front 114

To remove unwanted audio clips from the Clip List, do the following:

Back 114

Select the clips in the Clip List that you want to clear.

Choose CLEAR from the Clip List pop-up menu. In the resulting Clear Clips dialog box, click REMOVE.

Front 115

To select multiple clips...

Back 115

-SHIFT+CLICK the first and last clip

-COMMAND-CLICKon clips individually

Front 116

To select a continuous range of clips...

Back 116

...click on the top of the range and SHIFT-CLICK on the bottom of the range.

Front 117

If you attempt to remove a clip that has been placed on a track, on the Clipboard, or in the Undo Queue, this warning appears:

Back 117

"Audio 1_01.L" is used in a track, in a plug-in, in the Undo queue or in the clipboard. Do you still want to clear it?

Front 118

To remove clips from the Clip List and delete any associated audio files from the hard drive permanentely, do the following:

Back 118

Select the clips in the Clip List that you want to clear.

Choose CLEAR from the Clip List pop-up menu.

In the Clear Clips dialog box, click DELETE to remove the selected clips from the Clip List and permanently delete the files for any selected whole-file clips from you hard drive.

Front 119

If you attempt to delete an audio file that is referenced by other clips in the session, the following dialog box will appear:

Back 119

"Audio 1_01.wav" can not be deleted from disk! Clips from it remain in this session. Do you want to remove it from this session?

Front 120

What is the equation for bits per second?

Back 120

Sample Rate x Bit Depth = Bits per Second

Front 121

___ = MB per Minute

Back 121

Sample Rate × Bit Depth / 139,810