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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Random Urine Specimen
- typically used to test for ___ or ___ - must be sent to lab within ___ minutes |
- pH or blood
- 5-10 minutes |
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Midstream Urine Specimen
~ a.k.a Clean-Voided or Clean-Catch - typically used to test for ___ by ___ - ___ must be done bofore collecting the specimen |
- UTI , culture and sensitivity test
- clean perineal area |
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Double-Voided Urine Specimen
~ a.k.a Fresh-Fractional - these specimens are used to test for ___ and ___ - when collecting this specimen the patient ___ |
- ketones and glucose
- void twice |
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Urine Testing-Reagent Strips
- typically use either ___ or ___ specimens - to ensure an accurate reading follow specific ___ - hold reagent strip or dipstick ___ to compare color readings |
- random or midstream
- time requirements - horizontally |
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Stool Specimen
- stool is studied for ___, ___, ___, and ___ - when collecting specimen it must not be ___ |
- blood, fat, microbes, worms
- contaminated with urine or toilet paper |
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Sputum Specimen
- sputum specimens are studied for ___, ___, and ___ - the person coughs up sputum from the ___ and ___ - collecting the specimen can best be obtained ___ |
- blood, microbes, abnormal cells
- bronchi and trachea - early in the morning before breakfast |
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Urinals
- are used by ___ to void urine - should be hung on ___ and not placed on ___ or ___ - the most desirable position is ___ - can be used in ___, ___, or ___ positions |
- men
- bed rails , over the bed tables , bed stands - standing up on the side of the bed - Supine, Fowler's, or (R/L) Side Lying |
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Commode Chairs
- are placed by patient's ___ - used for ___ elimination - should be emptied after ___ |
- bedside
- urinary or bowel elimination - each use |
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There is an involuntary loss of urine in response to a strong sensation of need to empty the bladder
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Urge Incontinence
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There is a urethral sphincter failure; often associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure, as occurs with sneezing, laughing, coughing, and aerobic exercise
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Stress Incontinence
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There is poor contractility of the detrusor muscle of the bladder, obstruction of the urethra as in prostate enlargement in men, or genital prolapse or abnormality in women
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Overflow Incontinence
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Caused by cognitive inability to recognize the urge to urinate, extreme depression, or dementia; inability to reach the bathroom due to restraints, side rails, or an out of reach walker
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Functional Incontinence
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Caused by disorders of the neurologic system such as Multiple Sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or stroke
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Reflex Incontinence
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A combination of or more than one kind or different types of incontinence
- ex: ___ |
Mixed Incontinence
- ex: stress and urge incontinence |
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Catheters
- are used to ___ when the patient is unable to void, or to obtain a ___ - must always have a ___ to preform catheterization - is a ___ procedure 1.) Urinary Catheter (straight) - is inserted through the ___ into the ___ - main function is to ___ 2.) Indwelling Catheter (Foley or Retention) - type of catheter is ___ - tubing connects the catheter to the ___ |
- relieve retention , specimen
- physician's order - sterile procedure - 1.) Urinary (straight): - urethra , bladder - drain urine - 2.) Indwelling (foley/retention) - left in the bladder - drainage bag |
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Urinary Drainage Bag
- is emptied every ___ hours or ___ per shift - can be drained or emptied directly into the ___, ___, or ___ by ___ the clamp |
- every 8 hrs , 1x/shift
- toilet, bedpan, or container ; releasing |
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Condom Catheter
- is a condom with a ___ - is used for males who are ___ but can ___ on their own - is a ___ method of catheterization - provides for ___ drainage and decreases ___ - must thoroughly ___ the penis with ___ and ___ - never use ___ to secure condom catheters |
- tube attached to a drainage bag
- incontinent , self-void - noninvasive - continuous , UTI - wash , soap and water - adheasive tape |
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Cleansing Enema
- typically ___ mL of fluid - 3 types - must hold the fluid bag ___ above the patient's butt - fluid temp must be ___ at ___ deg F - patient should be placed in the ___ position during treatment - insert tube ___ inches into rectum |
- 500-1000 mL
- soapsuds, tap water, or saline - 12-18 inches - warm , 100-105 deg F - left Sims - 4 inches |
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Small Volume Enema
- typically ___ mL of fluid - fuction by ___ and ___ the rectum - are usually ___ enemas - insert ___ into rectum |
- 120-240 mL
- irritating and distending rectum - disposable - directly |
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Urine
- color should be ___ - odor should be ___ - clarity should be ___ |
- color: amber, straw colored
- odor: faint ammonia smell - clarity: slightly cloudy or transparent |
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Bedpans
- are used by people who are on ___ or ___ - individual bedpans are stored in ___ - women use for ___ elimination - men use for ___ elimination |
- bed rest or immobile
- bedside table - women: bowel and urine - men: bowel only |
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Type of bedpan used for patients with casts, in traction, limited back motion, hip fracture, or spinal cord injury
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Fracture Pan
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Difficult or painful urinantion
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Dysuria
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Blood in the urine
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Hematuria
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Urinating during the night and/or while sleeping
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Nocturia
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Decreased amount of urine output
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Oliguria
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Excessive urination
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Polyuria
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Urinating too often throughout the day
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Urinary Frequency
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Inability to prevent passing of urine; involuntary urine release
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Urinary Incontinence
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An immediate, unstoppable feeling to urinate
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Urinary Urgency
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Catherters
- are used for people who are too ___ or ___ and cannot use the bedpan, commode, or toilet - to protect ___ and ___ from contact with urine - to get ___ measurements - as a last resort for ___ - patients with catheters are at high risk for ___ (ex:) |
- weak or disabled
- wounds and pressure ulcers - hourly output measurements - incontinence - infections (UTI and Cystitis) |
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Urinary Drainage Systems
- a ___ drainage sustem is used for indwelling catheters - the drainage bag must not touch the ___ - the bag is kept ___ than the patient's ___ - bags are attached to ___ |
- closed
- floor - lower , bladder - bed frame / bed rails |
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Bladder Training
- ___ is the goal - 2 basic methods |
- control of urination
- 1.) the patient uses the toilet, bedpan, commode, or urinal at certain times - 2.) that patient uses a catheter |
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Is any lost, absent, or impaired physical or mental function
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Disability
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The process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economic function
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Rehabilitation
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2 main focuses of rehabilitation
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- improving abilities to the greatest extent possible
- preventing further loss of function |
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- rehabilitation starts when ___
- ___ is a major goal - successful rehabilitation depends on ___ - the focus of rehabilitation is on ___ and ___ |
- the person first seeks healthcare
- self care - patient's attitude - abilities and strengths |
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The Rehab Team
- all team members help the patient regain ___ and ___ - ___ are key members of the rehab team - every part of a LPN's job focuses on promoting the patience's ___ |
- function and independence
- family members - independence |
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Oil Retention Enema
- ___ mL of fluid - relieve ___ and ___ - oil should be retained for at least ___ min - used same way as ___ enema |
- 120-180 mL
- constipation and fecal impactions - 20 min - cleansing enema |
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Ostomy
- ___ is the surgical creation of an artificial opening - the opening is called a ___ - ___ is a surgically created opening between the colon and the abdominal wall - ___ is a surgically created opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall; constantly drains ___ feces |
- ostomy
- stoma - colostomy - ileostomy , liquid |
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Ostomy Pouches
- are emptied when ___ is present; ___ full - are opened when they ___ - are changed every ___ days - require a ___ hour delay in showering or bathing after a new pouch is applied |
- feces , 1/3-1/2 full
- balloon or buldge with flatus - 3-7 days - 1-2 hour |
