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167 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benjamin Silliman, Jr |
Yale Professor who assessed the availability of oil in the oil regions? ( He also analyzed the possibility of usung the rock oil as lubricant and illuminant)
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Seneca oil
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what name did the local Indians give to oil?
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Medicine
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what was oil originally used for?
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George Bissell & James Townsend
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Leaders of investors who formed the first oil company in America, the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company
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Oil from the sperm whale
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what were people using as illuminant prior to the existence of kerosene?
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the need for a safe iluminant and lubricant
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what needs give birth to the new illuminant, kerosene?
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Abraham Gesner
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who was the inventor of Kerosene?
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Salt boring
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what method replaced the conventional oil digging method?
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Edwin Drake
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who did the investors of Penn. Rock Oil Company choose to be the leader?
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Titusville
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Where was the first oil well drilled?
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William Smith( Uncle Billy)
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who was the ideal driller of Drake?
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Titusville
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where did the first oil boom take place?
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Oil City
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the name of the major city in the oil regions along with Titusville?
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April 1861
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when did the workers strike the first flowing well?
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the lack of shipment of illuminant from the south; the lack of export commodities from the north.
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what two factors of the civil war stimulated the oil business?
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Pithole
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what was the name of the town which was flooded by people due to oil explorations and then deserted just a year after?
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the monoply on transportation by the teamsters
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what caused the need for pipeline transportation in the oil regions?
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Spot sales, regular sales, and future sales
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In what ways was oil sold in oil exchanges?
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sales called for immediate deliverty and payment
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explain spot sales.
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sales to be completed within ten days
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explain regular sales.
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certain quantities of oil would be sold at certain price within a specific time in the future
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explain future sales.
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1871
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when did the Titusville Oil Exchange open?
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a manager of a oil refinery
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what was Rockefeller's occupation before his great expansion?
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Henry Flagler
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who was Rockefeller's first patner in forming Standard Oil?
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standard quality of product
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what was meaning behind he name "Standard Oil Company"?
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The South Improvemrnt Company
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Through which company did Standard Oil manipulate the railroad rates?
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Morose
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what was the code for standard oil itself?
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Tidewater Pipeline
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the name of the world's first long-distance pipeline, which was stimulated by standard's aggressive strategies.
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Henry Demarest Lloyd
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who first brought the charges together, against Standard Oil?
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University of Chicago
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which university did Rockefeller establish?
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a system of management and coordination by committee
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How did Standard manage its trust system?
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1885
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In what year was the standard informed of the idea that oil would run out?
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Lima-Indiana Fields ( 1880s)
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What was the name of the first major oil field in america outside of Pennsylvania?
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26 Broadway, NY
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what was the address of the headquaters of standard oil?
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Whiting
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where did standard committed ti build the world's largest refinery?
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the Joseph Seep Agency
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what was the name of the company which was the buying arm of standard oil in various oil exchanges?
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a vertically integrated oil company
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In what form was standard oil created?
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give the poor man his cheap light.
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what phrase did Rockefeller usually tell his collegeues regarding their kerosene business?
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a philadelphia shipper
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who open the door of global oil trading in america?
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Baku
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where did Marco Polo report the hearing of a spring of oil?
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to buy walnut wood for rifle making
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what was the original use of the money which was used to buy a refinery tha Ludwig Nobel gave to his brother?
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Ludwig Nobel
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who was the "oil king of Baku"?
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to build large tanks into the ships
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what solution did Ludwig give to the long distance transportation problem?
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the Zoroaster, put into service in 1878 on Caspian
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what was the name of the first successful bulk tanker?
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Nobel Brothers Petroleum Producing Company
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what was the name of the dominant oil company in Russia that the Nobel brothers created?
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Black Town
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what was the subburb of Baku, which was crowded with more than 200 refineries, called?
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Ludwig, Robert, and Alfred Nobel
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who are the Nobel Brothers?
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it was a port city
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what was the function of the city of Batum?
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they built a railroad from Baku to Batum
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How did the competitors of the Nobel brothers respond to their domination?
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the Rothschilds
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who funded the railroad that goes from Baku to Batum?
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the Caspian and Black Sea Petroleum Company (Bnito)
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what was the name of the oild company that the Rothschilds formed after the completion of the Baku-Batum railroad?
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Anglo-American Oil Company
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what was the name of the first foreign affiliate of Standard?
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In 1888, at the age of 57
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At what year and what age did Ludwig Nobel die?
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Fred Lane ( Shady Lane)
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...
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the Murex
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What was the name of the first bulk tanker of Shell?
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Tank Syndicate
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what was the name of the organization formed by the Samuel brothers, Fred Lane, and the trading houses of the Far East?
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Sumatra, and the company Royal Dutch
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what was the alternative which Standard thougth could beat the Russians?
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Aeilko Jans Zijlker
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who was the founder of Royal Dutch?
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He noticed the natives were using oil to lights torches.
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How did Zijlker discover oil in Sumatra?
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1890
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When was the Royal Dutch launched?
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Jean Kessler
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who took control of Royal Dutch after Zijlker died?
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Crown Oil
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what was the name of the first kerosene product of Royal Dutch?
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Royal Dutch wanted a joint marketing arrangement in Asia. Shell wanted to buy out Royal Dutch
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what were the goals of the company leaders when Shell and Royal Dutch were making their first deal?
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they created a special class of preference stock, the holders which controlled the board.
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what did the directors in Royal Dutch do to forestall Standard's stratagem which buys out every competitor?
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The OLD HOUSE
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what was Standard Oil called among some independent producers?
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Kerosene, gas, and candles
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At the end of 19th century, demand for artificial light was met by_____
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J. P. Morgan
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who was Thomas Edison's banker?
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Chief engineer of the Edison Illuminating Company
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what was Henry Ford's occupation prior to the establishment of his conpany?
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A. W. Hall
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who was the forst recorded used car purchaser?
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the Pure Oil Company
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what was the name of the company which broke Standard's monopoly in Pennsylvania?
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Because his report which stated the Rocky Mountains contain considerable amounts of oil was said to be false
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why did Benjamin Silliman resign his professorship at Yale?
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Union Oil ( now Unocal)
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who was the domiannt oil producer during the California Oil Boom?
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Patillo Higgins
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who was the first man to drill on the hill Spindletop?
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Spindletop ( it's a salt dome), in Beaumont
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the hill which contained the first ever gusher well in the US?
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Rotary drilling
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what new drilling mathod did people in Texas use to find oil?
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Anthony Lucas
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who joined Higgins in drilling of Spindletop?
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Guffey and Galey
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Men who provided money for the drilling on Spindletop to go on?
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Lucas 1 (75000 barrels per day)
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the first well drilled on Spindletop, which produced the first gusher in the US?
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James Guffey
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Who was the major oil producer on Spindletop?
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James Guffey and Marcus Samuel. ( for 20 years, at least 15 million barrels)
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which two men made a deal on selling Texas crude?
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the Mellon brothers
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who was behind James Guffey?
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Production plummeted and the deal was over
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what happened to the deal of the century of spindletop?
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Production.
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what was the key, stated by the Mellons, which build the base of a independent oil company?
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Pennsylvania oil was known for quality; Texas oil was known for quantity.
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what were Pennsylvania and Texas oil known of?
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Glenn Pool， known for both quality and quantity.
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what was the name of the name of the oil field first found in Oklahoma and what was it known of ？
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Port Arthur
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where was the modernized refinery of Gulf oil located?
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Guffey Petroleum and Gulf Refining
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which 2 compamied formed the Gulf Oil Company?
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Guffey the promoter and Galey the oil finder.
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what were Guffey and Galey each called?
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Robert Pew
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who was the founder of the Sun Oil Company (in Texas)?
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Joseph Cullinan
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who was the founder of the Texas Fuel Company?
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Buckskin Joe because of his aggressive and abrasive personality
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what was Joseph Cullinan's nickname?
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Texas Fuel Company
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which company became Texaco?
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He left the company because of his one man rule strategy.
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what happened to Cullinan at the end?
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Gulf Coast Oil Boom
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which oil boom undermined Standard's dominant position in America?
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John D. Archbold
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who was the successor of Rockefeller?
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journalists who investigate in trust and other business inside stories.
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who were the muckrakers?
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McClure's
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what journal was Ida Tarbell a journalist of?
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tank maker
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the occupation of Ida Tarbell's father?
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H. H. Rogers
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who was the most senior and powerful director of Standard after John D. Archbold?
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Mark Twain
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To whom did Rogers manage his finance status?
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H. H. Rogers
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Who did Ida Tarbell meet to have a direct connection with Standard?
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Theodore Roosevelt
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who was the president who commanded to break the trusts?
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the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
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which act was Standard charged under?
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Frank Kellogg
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the lawyer who led the government's case in the antitrust law suit
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May of 1911
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when was the dissolution of Standard announced?
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He started to whistle a little tune
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what did Archbold do to break the silence in 26 Broadway after receiving the order of dissolution?
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Standard Oil of New Jersey, Standard Oil of New York, Standard Oil( California), Standard Oil of Ohio, Standard Oil of Indiana, Continental Oil, and Atlantic
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what were the largest companies after the dissolution of Standard?
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Exxon
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what did Standard Oil of New Jersey ultimately became?
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Mobil
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what did Standard Oil of New York ultimately became?
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Chevron
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what did Standard Oil ( California) became?
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Sohio, and then American arm of BP
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what did Standard Oil of Ohio became?
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Amoco
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what did Standard Oil of Indiana became?
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Conoco
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what did Continental Oil became?
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part of ARCO and then eventually the Sun
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what did Atlantic became?
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William Burton
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who invented synthetic gasoline?
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Thermal cracking
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By using what method did Burton successfully make synthetic gasoline?
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from 15% to 45%
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By using thermal cracking, how much was the percent-yield raised?
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Texas, Oklahoma, California, and Kansas
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what were the major oil provinces around the turn of the century?
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Mark Abraham
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who did Marcus Samuel sent to the east coast of Borneo to discover oil in order to assure its survival?
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Because he was deep in the storage and tankers and his contract with the Rosthchilds' Russian oil was running out. He needed a secure supply of oil.
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why did M. Samuel send Mark Abraham to Kutei, Borneo?
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Shell Transport and Trading Company
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what was the name of the company that M. Samuel formed, grouping all of the trading houses of his syndicate?
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M. Samuel wanted to ensure the loyalty of the various trading houses.
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what was the reason of the establishment of Shell Transport and Trading Company?
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its wells were producing water rather than oil.
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what trouble did Royal Dutch encounter at the end of the 19th century?
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Hugo Loudon. He struck oil which was capable of being gasoline
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who brought the solution and what was the solution？
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Henri Deterding
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who became the head of Royal Dutch after Kessler?
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an international oil man.
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what was Deterding's ambition?
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Fred Lane ( Shady Lane)
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who was the middle man which wired M. Samuel and H. Deterding together?
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Samuel wanted a simple market arrangement between the two firms. Deterding wanted a out and out joint management.
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what forms of market arrangements did Samuel and Deterding want?
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$40 million
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how much did Standard offer Samuel to sell Shell?
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Asiatic Petroleum Company
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what was the name of the newly formed petroleum company consist of Shell and Royal Duch, and the Rosthchilds?
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Because oil out put at Spindle top declined, Royal Dutch found new oil in Borneo, the Royal Navy wouldn't take fuel oil as the new power source.
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why did Samuel surrender to agree on the new arrangement?
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Royal Dutch 60% and Shell 40%
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what were the percent shares of Royal Dutch Shell?
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Deterding, Hugo Loudon, and Robert Waley Cohen
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who ran the Royal Dutch Shell?
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1907
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when did the amalgmation happen?
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it decided to expand its market to America
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how did Royal Dutch Shell react to Standard's attack on its markets? (price cutting)
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Mark Abrahams
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who did shell send to manage its American networks?
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Roxana Oil Company
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what was the name of the oil company which Abrahams incorporated in Tulsa?
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the Caucasus
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what part of Russia was called the home of Russian oil industry?
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Iskra
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what was the name of the revolutionary newspaper of Vladimir Lenin?
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the networkings of the oil industry
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what helped the Iskra to spread all over the country?
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Baku and Batum
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where did the workers went on strike in Russia?
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because 2/3 of its oil industry was destroyed by the rebellion.
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why did Russia loose its Far East markets?
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Rumania
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where was new oil found in Europe after the turmoil in Russia?
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Standard, Shell, and the Deutsche Bank
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which three organizations controlled the oil industried in Romania?
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European Petroleum Union, consists of the Deustche Bank, the Rothschilds, and the Nobels.
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what was EPU?
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the Rothschilds.
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to whom did shell and Royal dutch pass their Russian holdings to?
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Antoine Kitabgi
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who was the man representing the persian govt. and was eagerly seeking for money to develop oil in Persia?
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William Knox D'Arcy
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who did Kitabgi find?
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William Knox D'Arcy
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who was the founder of the oil industry in the middle east?
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George Reynolds
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who was the head engineer that managed the operations in Persia?
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Chiah Surkh
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what was the first location that D'Arcy choose to drill?
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British Admiralty
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when D'Arcy was out of money, where did he turn for loan?
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Hardinge
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who was the minister of Tehran?
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Burmah Oil
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which company did the British Admiralty choose to become D'Arcy's support?
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Concession Syndicate
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what was the marriage between the two companies in Persia called？
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Maidan-i-Naftan
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what was the name of the place in Persia which was called "the plain of oil"?
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Psersia was partitioned into 3 parts by Britain and Russia
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What national problem happened during the drilling process at Masjid-i-Suleiman?
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Masjid-i-Suleiman
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at which site was oil first struck in Persia?
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Anglo-Persian Oil Company
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what was the new name of the concession syndicate?
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Asiatic Petroleum Company
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who was the trading arm of Royal Dutch Shell?
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Admiral John Fisher (the God-father of oil) and Marcus Samuel
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who were the major proponents of oil fuel for navy in Britain?
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Sir Thomas Redwood
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who was the oil expert that always weird a orchid in his buttonhole?
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Charles Greenway
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who was the managing director who flourished Anglo-Persian?
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Winston Churchill
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who was the first Admiral after Fisher?
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Admiral Edmond Slade
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whose report saved Anglo-Persian?
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Summer of 1914
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when did the British navy finally decide to fully committ to oil and assumed the majority of Anglo-Persian's shares?
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WWI began
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what coincidence happened in 1914? |
