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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
** What characterizes the memory loss in patients with dissociative amnesia? |
Episodic |
|
Amnesia preceded by epigastric sensation/fear are associated with electrical abnormalities where? |
Temporal Lobe |
|
Memory loss pattern in dissociative amnesia. |
Occurs for a discrete period of time. |
|
Amnesia characterized by loss of memory of events that occur after onset of etiologic condition/agent |
Anterograde |
|
This psychoactive drug produces amnesia. |
Alcohol |
|
Patient with strange behavior answers appropriately with fluent speech but no ability to retain new info. Episode lasts 6 hours then back to normal without recollection of events. |
Transient Global Amnesia |
|
Patient reports hearing voices of someone not present. Patient stops moving, stares blankly, repetitively picks at clothing, does not respond to questions/commands for several minutes. Resolves after 15 minutes and patient can't recall events. |
Complex Partial Seizure |
|
55yo brought in by family after episode of amnesia/bewilderment lasting hours. CVA ruled out. Patient keeps asking what is happening. Which medication? |
Observation with no pharmacological intervention |
|
Sense of loss of identity often following a traumatic experience and associated with inability to recall one's past. |
Dissociative Fugue |
|
Contralateral leg weakness with sparing of face and arms. Urinary incontinence and abulia. Where is the lesion? |
Anterior Cerebral Artery |
|
***** ***** Visual problem in pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm. |
Bitemporal hemianopsia |
|
***** *** 60yo right-handed M gets lost frequently, only writes on right half of paper. Left-sided hemi-neglect. Where is the lesion? |
R Parietal |
|
***** 66yo with frequent falls, months of anxiety, unwilling to leave home. Mild impairment of vertical gaze on smooth pursuit/saccades. Mild axial rigidity, mild upper extremity rigidity, mild slowness of movement with normal posture. Dx ? |
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
|
**** 65yo patient fell several times in the past 6 months. MSE wnl, smooth pursuit and saccades impaired and worse with vertical gaze. Full ROM on head, mild symmetric rigidity, no tremor. MRI/CSF/labs unremarkable. Dx? |
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy |
|
*** 26yo with headache, clumsiness of R hand for weeks. Struggles with rapid alternating movements of R hand, overt intention tremor with finger-to-nose. CNs wnl, no papilledema. Lesion? |
Cerebellum |
|
9yoF has a 3 months history of unprovoked laughter. Worse when not sleeping well. Patient is not happy during laughing episodes. Started menstruating 6 months ago. Tanner 4. Dx? |
Hypothalamic Hamartoma/Gelastic Seizure |
|
** 5yo with 4 month h/o morning HA, emesis, ataxia, falls, diplopia. Lesion? |
Medulloblastoma |
|
75yo evaluated for progressive ataxia, urine incontinence, cognitive decline. After removal of CSF, there is improvement in gait and balance. What would the CT show? |
Enlargement of the frontal horns |
|
70yo develops confusion, lethargy, generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Lab reveals serum sodium of 95. Most likely complication of excessively rapid correction? |
Central Pontine Myelinolysis |
|
Where is the lesion that causes bilateral coarse nystagmus worsening with visual fixation and is present with horizontal and vertical gaze? |
Brainstem |
|
32yo with 1 month h/o worsening HA, episodic mood swings, and occasional hallucinations. Hallucinations are visual, tactile, and auditory. CT head reveals tumor where? |
Temporal Lobe |
|
Fluent speech, preserved comprehension, inability to repeat speech. No associated signs. Where is the lesion? |
Supramarginal Gyrus or Insula |
|
Acute onset of hemiballismus of LUE & LLE. MRI shows lesion where? |
Subthalamic Nucleus |
|
43yo with newly dx AIDS has increasing social withdrawal and irritability over weeks. Can't remember phone number, unable to do chores, seems distracted. R hemiparesis, L limb ataxia, bilateral visual field defects. LP normal. Dx? |
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis |
|
Unconsciousness can be induced by a small area of damage where? |
Reticular Formation |
|
Patient admitted to ED after MVA. Receives D5. Later experiences confusion, oculomotor paralysis, and dysarthria. Sx caused by? |
Wernicke's Encephalopathy |
|
Patient reports HA and loss of peripheral vision. Visual field defects of both temporal fields of oth eyes. MRI shows? |
Mass in Sella Turcica |
|
37yoF w/ discoid lupus controlled on stable dose of PO prednisone. Abrupt development of fatigue, inflamed joints, diffuse myalgia. Depressed mood + cognitive impairment. No prior psych history or focal neuro signs. Dx? |
Disease-Induced Cerebritis |
|
25yo with diplopia and difficulty balancing. R lateral gaze shows weakness of L medial rectus w/ nystagmus of R eye. L lateral gaze shows weakness of R medial rectus w/ nystagmus of L eye. Mild finger-nose ataxia on R. Dx? |
Multiple Sclerosis |
|
52yo with gait difficulty. Mild dysarthria, mild finger-nose ataxia, minimal heel-shin ataxia. Romberg negative but unsteady while walking. Broad-based lurching gait. Plantar reflexes are flexor. Imaging demonstrates? |
Cerebellar vermis atropy |
|
Syndrome associated with occlusion of the cortical branch of the posterior cerebral artery. |
Homonymous Hemianopia with alexia without agraphia. |
|
34yoM for psych eval 5y after TBI @ work. Since accident, overly talkative/restless. Divorced because he was acting irresponsible and lost job. Psychometrics show avg intelligence, no memory deficits. Lesion is where? |
Frontal Lobe |
|
Child starts kindergarten, is more emotionally reactive and regresses at home. Teacher says child is normal at school. What accounts for the change noticed by parents? |
Normative response to stress 2/2 school transition |
|
Which cancer has the highest chance of going to the brain? |
Lung |
|
Which hormone is secreted in a functional pituitary adenoma? |
Prolactin |
|
CT + MRI shows ventriculomegaly out of proportion to sulcal atrophy. Dx? |
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus |
|
20yo with 1y h/o bitemporal HA, polydipsia, polyuria, and bulimia with 2mo h/o emotinoal outbursts, aggression, and transient confusion. Neuro exam normal. MRI shows? |
Hypothalamic Tumor |
|
Previously pleasant mom becomes profane and irresponsible over 6 months. Lesion is where? |
Frontal Lobe |
|
Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, unsteadiness/falls, HA, mild facial weakness, ipsilateral limb ataxia. Lesion is where? |
Cerebellopontine Angle |
|
38yoF with muscle spasm of proximal limbs and trunk, lumbar lordosis while walking. EMG abnormal. Serum antiglutamic acid antibodies. |
Stiff-Person Syndrome |
|
Pituitary tumor that protrudes though the diaphragmatic sella is most likely to cause? |
Bitemporal hemianopsia |
|
Conduction aphasia often 2/2 damage to what? |
Arcuate Fasciculus |
|
70yo develops flaccid paralysis following severe H2O intoxication. Dysphagia + dysarthria w/o other cranial nerve involvement. Sensory exam limited but grossly normal. DTR symmetric. Cognition intact. Dx? |
Central Pontine Myelinolysis |
|
MRI finding for woman with memory decline, urinary incontinence, and trouble walking |
Dilation of Ventricles |
|
Patient draws cock with hemiagnosia. Lesion? |
Parietal Lobe |
|
Effortful nonfluent speech with decreased speech output. Lesion? |
Anterior Frontal Gyrus |
|
** Which term describes a state of immobility that is constantly maintained? |
Catalepsy |
|
52yo with h/o unipolar depression brought to ED with first episode catatonia. No meds, UDS negative. Workup should focus on what? |
Metabolic disorders |
|
Among inpatients, catatonia occurs most frequently in the context of what illness? |
MDD |
|
21yo recently diagnosed with schizophrenia becomes mute, occasionally parrots words. What subtype of schizophrenia is this? |
Catatonic |
|
Symptoms that dominate mood disorder with catatonia. |
Purposeless motor activity not influenced by external stimuli. |
|
***** *** 62yoM with DM is not making sense saying "thar szing is phrumper zu stalking." Normal intonation but no one in the family can understand it. He verbally responds to questions with similar phrases but fails to execute any instruction. Dx? |
Wernicke's Aphasia |
|
***** *** 66yo with HTN develops vertigo, diplopia, n/v, hiccups, L face numbness, nystagmus, hoarseness, ataxia of limbs, staggering gait, tendency to fall to the left. Dx? |
Lateral Medullary Stroke |
|
** Patient with chronic Afib develops aphasia and R hemiparesis at noon. ER exam notes weakness of R extremities and severe dysfluent aphasia, but CT at 1330 has no acute lesion. Most appropriate TX? |
TPA |
|
** Rapid onset of R facial weakness, left limb weakness, diplopia. Dx? |
Brain Stem Infarct |
|
** A life threatening complication of cerebellar hemorrhage. |
Acute hydrocephalus |
|
** 72yo with embolic infarct in MCA. Cardiac US shows no structural abnormalities. Carotid Doppler shows <50% occlusion of either side. EKG reveals AFib. Which strategy has the best likelihood of reducing strokes in this patient? |
Warfarin |
|
** Young adult gained 70lbs in last year and complains of daily severe HA sometimes associated with grayed out vision. Papilledema present. CT + MRI show ventricles smaller than usual. Goal of tx? |
Prevent blindness |
|
** 68yo with HTN develops rapidly progressing RUE + RLE weakness w/ deviation of eyes to left. W/in 30 min of onset, pt becomes sleepy. 2h after onset patient is unresponsive. Dense R hemiplegia, eyes deviated to left. PERRL. R facial weakness to grimace. Cough and gag present. CT finds? |
L Putaminal Hemorrhage |
|
** Superior homonymous quadrantic defects in visual fields result from lesions to which structure? |
Temporal Optic Radiations |
|
** 78yo h/o ischemic stroke w/ residual mild hemiplegia. Unaware that there's a problem of weaknes. When asked to raise the weak arm, patient raises normal arm. Neglects weak side of the body. Where is the lesion? |
Parietal Lobe |
|
** Patient has multiple stroke-like sx of short duration over several days. New-onset sx for last 90 min. CT is negative for hemorrhage. Appropriate tx? |
IV Thrombolytics |
|
**
MRI scan of head reveals an infarct in distribution of L ACA. Patient most likely exhibits? |
Contralateral LE weakness |
|
Pure sensory deficit extending to midline and involving face, arm, trunk, and leg. Where is the lacunar infarct? |
Lateral Thalamus |
|
Head CT w/ lens-shaped hyperdensity |
Epidural Hematoma |
|
50yo patient has VH of children playing. VH are fully formed, colorful, vivid, without sound. Patient is amused rather than scared. Normal language, memory, cranial nerves. No weakness or involuntary movement. No sensory deficit. DTR symmetric. CSF/UDS wnl. Dx? |
PCA ischemia |
|
R palsy with equal involvement of face, arm, leg combined with CN3 palsy. Most likely an occlusion of a branch of what? |
PCA |
|
Hemisensory loss followed by pain and hyperpathia involving all modalities. Reaches midline of trunk and head. Which artery is ischemic? |
PCA |
|
Most common manifestation of acute neurosyphillis |
Stroke |
|
65yo wakes with R hemiparesis and motor aphasia. Eval completed w/in 1h. Neuro exam has no other abnormalities. Head CT w/o contrast negative. Next step? |
ASA |
|
65yo falls 2/2 stroke. Weak RLE, minor weakness in RUE. No face weakness, no sensory deficit. Speech unaffected. Unusually quiet and passive. Where is the stroke? |
L ACA |
|
58yoM with w/o HTN, smoking, sudden inability to speak. Face droop and leg drag on R side. Seen in ER w/in 40 min of onset. Aphasic, cannot understand or repeat. Unintelligible sounds for speech. Alert but frustrated. Arm and face weaker than leg. CT Head neg for hemorrhage. Pathology and location? |
Thromboembolic Stroke of L MCA |
|
Abulia is an impairment in? |
Spontaneous movement and speech. |
|
Sudden onset vertigo, nausea, hoarseness/dysphagia, R sided face numbness, diminished R gag, decreased pinprick and temperature sensation on L. Lesion? |
R Medullary Infarct |
|
65yo DM patient presents w/ acute L sided weakness, deviation of gaze to R, L hemipelgia and hemisensory deficit, L homonymous hemianopsia. 12h later, patient is unconscious, L pupil enlarged and unreactive. CT shows? |
R MCA infarct, Edema, Uncal Herniation
|
|
Patient with acute onset vertigo, what will suggest R lateral medullary infarct? |
R facial loss of touch and temperature sensation |
|
46yoM with diplopia and R eye pain. Ptosis of R eyelid, inability to elevate or adduct R eye + R pupillary dilation. Cause? |
Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm |
|
Aphasia with effortful, fragmented, non-fluent, telegraphic speech. Lesion is where? |
Posterior Frontal Lobe |
|
39yo patient with h/o multiple miscarriages develops an acute L sideded hemiparesis. Work-up reveals elevated anticardiolipin titers and no other risk factors for stroke. |
Plasmapheresis |
|
Abnormal elevated metabolic findings associated with increased risk of stroke in patients under 50. |
Plasma Homocysteine |
|
70yo patient hospitalized because of MCA stroke. Psych eval shows non-fluent aphasia. What most likely characterized the patient's interaction with the psychiatrist? |
The patient was able to follow the verbal request "close your eyes". |
|
Acute onset dense sensorimotor deficit in contralateral face/arm, mild involvement of LE. Associated with gaze deviation towards opposite side of deficit. Occlusion? |
Superior Division of MCA |
|
Weakness of extension at knee involves a lesion of which nerve? |
Femoral |
|
CT scan w/ occipital and intraventricular hyperintensities. |
Parenchymal Hemorrhage |
|
Which med has secondary prevention against embolic stroke in patients with Afib? |
Warfarin |
|
As opposed to strokes caused by arterial embolism or thrombosis, those cause by cerebral vein or venous sinus thrombosis are? |
Associated with seizures at onset |
|
Atrophy of R temporal lobe on cross section associated with occlusion of? |
MCA |
|
Loss of ability to execute previously learned motor activities (not due to weakness/ataxia/sensory loss) is associated with lesions of what? |
L Parietal Cortex |
|
58yo s/p CABG has anomia for fingers and body parts, errors involving left/right, inability to write thoughts/take notes/make calculations. Fluent speech and excellent comprehension. Etiology? |
L Medial Temporal Stroke |
|
Visual disturbances associated with occlusion of R PCA? |
L Homonymous Hemianopsia |
|
65yo with HTN collapsed. Stuporous, R hemiparesis + hemisensory deficit. Eyes deviate to L. CT would show intraparenchymal hemorrhage in what? |
L Basal Ganglia |
|
Lower facial weakness with relative sparing of forehead. Stroke occurred where? |
Internal Capsule |
|
Which location for stroke has a high frequency and greater severity of depression? |
L Anterior Frontal |
|
68yo patient is depressed following hip surgery. Withdrawn, looks blank, shows dysarthria, weakness, PMR, hyperreflexia, trouble swallowing. MRI shows? |
Periventricular White Matter Demyelination |
|
Prognosis of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is poorest if the disease process involves which of the following? |
Proximal Axon |
|
Patient with HTN. Painless blindness in L eye with afferent pupillary defect. MRI shows several T2 hyperintensities in white matter periventricularly. No corpus callosum lesions. No enhancement with gadolinium. Diagnosis? |
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
|
63yo with new-onset aphasia and R hemiparesis. 2 day ago had milder/similar sx that resolved in 30 minutes. Yesterday had one for 45 minutes. Current sx started 1.5h ago CT neg for stroke and hemorrhage. TX? |
IV Thrombolytics |
|
Prosopagnosis is? |
The inability to recognize faces |
|
57 year old diabetic w/ HTN has episodes of vision loss like a "curtain falling" over L eye. Transient speech + language disturbance, mild R hemiparesis that lasts 2 hours. Presence of what? |
Extracranial L Internal Carotid Stenosis |
|
Head Injury w/ LOC. Hours long lucid interval leads to rapidly progressing coma. Hemorrhage? |
Epidural |
|
Pt in ED with sudden HA and collapsing, some lethargy. Rigid neck, no papilledema, no focal CN/motor signs. Initial test? |
CT head |
|
Post-stroke depression in 80yo R handed patient is associated with cognitive impairments that: |
Correlate with L hemispheric involvement |
|
Fluent speech with preserved comprehension and inability to repeat statements |
Conduction aphasia |
|
Normal romberg w/ eyes open but loses balance with eyes closed. Location? |
Cerebellar Vermis |
|
65yo w/ HTN, Meniere's. N/V worse w/ head movement. R beating nystagmus on lateral gaze, finger-nose is ataxic, poor balance, dysarthria. Dx? |
Cerebellar infarct |
|
66yoM w/ sudden occipital HA, vertigo, slurred speech. Eyes: small reactive pupil, R gaze, nystagmus, blobbing. CN: R facial weakness, poor R corneal reflex Motor: truncal ataxia, b/l hyperreflexia + Babinski. Dx? |
Cerebellar hemorrhage |
|
Motor speech paradigm activation task on fMRI. Hyperactivity in R temporal. Damage is where? |
Calcarine Fissure |
|
Inability to recognize object by touch. |
Astereognosis |
|
In managing acute ischemic stroke, administer this w/in 48h of onset to reduce risk of recurrent stroke, disability, death. |
ASA |
|
70yo w/ attacks of "whirling sensation", w/n/v, diplopia, dysarthria, tingling of lips. 1 minute, multiple times a day. Patient collapses, is immobilized. No residual s/s, tinnitus, hearing loss, ALOC, or association w/ specific activity. Dx? |
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency |
|
Component of type A behavior most reliable as a risk factor for CAD |
Hostility |
|
Vascular lesion most characteristic of sudden severe HA, emesis, collapse, preservation of consciousness, few lateralizing signs, neck stiffness. |
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
|
Patient with sudden onset of L hemiparesis, L homonymous hemianopsia, R gaze, L side neglect. Occlusion of what? |
R MCA |
|
70yoF sudden paralysis RLE. RUE slightly affected. No aphasia or visual field deficit. Slower onset of bladder incontinence, abulia, lack of spontaneity. Which vascular area? |
L ACA |
|
***** *** 72yo w/ recent behavior/memory problems. Disrobing, not sleeping, irritable. Waxing/waning consciousness. Dx? |
Delirium |
|
***** 79yo with decreasing mental state over 3 weeks has an exaggerated startle w/ violent myoclonus. Myoclonic jerks occur spontaneously, ataxia. EEG shows sharp waves. Dx? |
Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy |
|
**** 52yo with h/o depression, HTN. Severe HA, "has not been himself" for 10d. Poor eye contact, inattentive, muttering, picking at clothes, occasionally dozes off even at mid-day. Dx? |
Delirium |
|
** Mild confusion, lethargy, thirst, polydipsia |
Hyponatremia |
|
** Multifocal myoclonus in a comatose patient indicates? |
Metabolic encephalopathy |
|
** 70yo with mild Alzheimer's lives with family, prescribed an SSRI for MDD. H/O HTN, DM, RA. Acute confusion w/o other med/psych sx. What do you order first? |
Electrolytes |
|
What test is most helpful to distinguish dementia vs delirium? |
EEG |
|
Alcoholic patient w/ 2 days of confusion, AVH, disorientation, distractibility, fever, tachycardia, tremor. EEG is low voltage fast waves on slow waves. On olanzapine for schizoaffective d/o. Dx? |
Delirium, EtOH Withdrawal |
|
Most common EEG finding in metabolic encephalopathy? |
Generalized slowing |
|
2d after bowel surgery, 53yo is delirious. Draws a square when asked, but continues to draw a square when asked to draw other things. MSE reveals? |
Perseveration |
|
Patient with ICU psychosis most likely has what condition? |
Delirium |
|
Best recommendation for patient with delirium? |
Maximize Staff Continuity assigned to patient |
|
Delirium in HIV patients is treated with what parenteral agent? |
Low dose high-potency antipsychotic |
|
34yo tx for malaria with h/o schizoaffective d/o controlled with risperdal and lithium. Given a single dose of mefloquine. 1 week later, reports anxiety. Escalates to PMA and persecutory delusions. Most likely cause of psychotic sx? |
Uncommon SE of new medication |
|
Cancer patient on chemo is disoriented and agitated. Afebrile and VSS. Neuro exam neg. Poor attention, some cognitive impairment. CT ned, EEG shows diffuse slowing. |
Haldol |
|
70yo HIV+ IV drug abuser w/ MDD tx with lopinavir, ritonavir, fluoxetine. HepC was dx and treated 2 months ago. Since then patient is irritable, has insomnia and diarrhea. Why? |
Drug-Drug interaction |
|
Patient delirious, agitated, hallucinating. Flushed and hot w/ dry skin, mydriasis, tachycardia, diminished bowel sounds. First recommendation? |
D/C Anticholinergic Drugs |
|
This major symptom of delirium may require that the patient receive pharmalogical treatment. |
Insomnia |
|
***** ** 65yoM with 6mo h/o confusion episodes, disorientation, VH of children playing in his room. VH are fully formed, colorful, vivid. Pt has little insight into VH. Normal between episodes. Mild difficulty with serial subtraction, mild symmetric rigidity, bradykinesia. MRI, CSF, labs, UDS neg. Dx? |
Lewy Body Dementia |
|
***** ** A limitation of the MMSE |
May fail to detect very mild cognitive impairment |
|
***** * When combined with functional neuroimaging, this biomarker identifies geriatric pt with mild impairment most at risk for Alzheimer's. |
E4 APO E allele |
|
** The most specific factor for distinguishing delirium from dementia of Alzheimer type |
Fluctuating Arousal |
|
72yo w/ early dementia. Paranoid + VH. Lightheaded and socially inappropriate. Risperal 0.25mg for 2d leads to confusion, sedation, rigidity. Dx? |
Lewy Body Dementia |
|
In addition to orientation, attention, calculation, language, and registration, what other cognitive domain does the MMSE test? |
Recall |
|
Tau staining with progressive dementia. Dx? |
Alzheimer's Dementia |
|
80yo w/ VH and worsening gate, episodic confusion, disturbed sleep, b/l rigidity, masked facies. Levodopa improved movement temporarily. Dx? |
Lewy Body Dementia |
|
Medicine that interferes with the efficacy of Deonepezil? |
Oxybutinin |
|
A dialysis patient becomes more disoriented and has memory loss. Physical exam normal. Reported that patient has had seizures. Labs and neurodiagnostics negative. Dx? |
Dialysis Dementia |
|
Which test correlates most strongly with pre-morbid functioning in early dementia |
WAIS-IV Vocabulary Test |
|
71yo with Parkinsonian gait, prominent delusions, fluctuating attention, VH, sensitivity to EPS. Dx? |
Lewy Body Dementia |
|
FTD with mutation in Chr17 is associated with abnormal intraneuronal deposition of which protein? |
Tau |
|
Neuropsychological test most useful in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. |
10 item world list learning task |
|
Best initial tx of patient with mild Alzheimer's |
Cholinesterase Inhibitor |
|
74yo R handed patient with significant memory loss, expressive aphasia. L plantar extensor response. Dx? |
Vascular Dementia |
|
Sx most likely related to excessive VitB12 |
Burning Sensation |
|
60yoF w/ 10 month h/o apathy and depression. Hyperchromic macrocytic anemia. Best test to order next? |
VitB12 Level |
|
Earliest evidence of cell loss in patients with Alzheimer's typically occurs in this area of the brain |
Entorhinal Cortex |
|
EtOH dependent patient with confusion, ataxia, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia. High doses of what could prevent this syndrome? |
VitB1 |
|
Medication helpful in early HIV dementia but is toxic later in the disease |
Methylphenidate |
|
74yoF w/ personality change, poor ADLs. Dx? |
Pick's Disease |
|
80yo, no prior psych hx. More forgetful, worse ADLs. Can conduct routine social activities. Acquaintances don't notice abnormalities. Dx? |
Alzheimer's Dementia |
|
Safest heterocyclic antidepressant for 78yo with depression, agitation, dementia. |
Nortriptyline |
|
This cognitive enhancer is an NMDA receptor antagonist |
Memantine |
|
Neuronal damage from glutamate excitotoxicity is treated with this. |
Memantine |
|
Acamprosate works through this neurotransmitter. |
Glutamate |
|
Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's Dementia are composed of this.
|
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Proteins |
|
80yo Alzheimer's Dementia patient w/ increasingly combative behavior. Family wants to keep at home. Give which med? |
Haldol |
|
Dementia characterized by personality change, attention deficit, impulsivity, affect lability, indifference, perseveration, and loss of executive function. Dysfunction is where? |
Frontal Lobe |
|
Binswanger disease has pseudobulbar state, gait disturbance, and this. |
Dementia |
|
80yo Alzheimer's pt is brought home for increasingly combative behavior. Daughter would like to keep pt at home if possible. Helpful intervention? |
Assessing for caregiver burnout |
|
Early stage HIV type 1 associated dementia has this feature that early onset dementia does not. |
Decreased processing speed |
|
Best treatment for agitation in dementia? |
Antipsychotics |
|
Clock drawing test is sensitive for this d/o.
|
Alzheimer's |
|
An amyloid precursor protein is found in this d/o. |
Alzheimer's |
|
Most common cause of dementia >65yo. |
Alzheimer's |
|
Down's syndrome pt >40yo get this d/o.
|
Alzheimer's |
|
Characteristic MRI finding in Alzheimer's. |
Reduced Hippocampal Volumes |
|
Known risk factors for dementia. |
Family Hx Female Down's Syndrome |
|
Target of Alzheimer's drugs. |
Acetylcholinesterase
|
|
Vascular dementia has changes in this structure.
|
Basal Ganglia |
|
83yo w/ mild HTN, new HA, L hemiparesis. MRI shows R parietal and small occipital hemorrhage. Old R temporal and L parietal hemorrhage. Etiology?
|
Amyloid Angiopathy |
|
65yo disoriented, mild agitation, VH of children playing. 2 episodes in past, normal between episodes. Mild symmetric rigidity and bradykinesia. MRI, UDS, CSF normal. Etiology?
|
Lewy Body Dementia |
|
Med most likely to slow progression of vascular dementia. |
ASA |
|
Best rationale for cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's pt. |
Reduce neuropsych sx
|
|
Pt w/ HIV. Memory loss, inattention, amotivation, poor coordination. Normal LP, atrophy on CT. MRI shows diffuse & confluent white matter changes on T2 w/o enhancement. Dx?
|
HIV-associated Dementia |
|
Most important tool for eval of early-mod dementia. |
MMSE |
|
60yo w/ memory problems (losing things, forgetting names). No other neurocognitive sx. Gradual over years. Former history professor who enjoys intellectual activities. MMSE would be insensitive in this case because of this.
|
It has a ceiling for the well-educated. |
|
65yo gradual/slow progression of confusion. Anomia, mental slowness, self-neglect, apathy, altered personality, impaired gait, prominent grasp & suck reflexes. Ddx?
|
Frontotemporal Dementia or Alzheimer's |
|
65yo high school grad w/ MMSE of 23. Score suggests these.
|
Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment |
|
46yo w/o past psych hx over several months becomes labile and irritable. Personality changes w/ inappropriate laughter. In 2 years is convinced all food has germs. Memory intact. Neuropsych testing shows impaired language and attention. Dx?
|
Frontotemporal Dementia |
|
In regards to memory, dementia rather than depression has this.
|
Naming Deficits |
|
Bilateral loss of neurons in CA1 (Hippocampus) is the most common histology finding in this. |
Alzheimer Dementia |
|
65yo lives alone, increasingly forgetful, difficulty making phone calls and remembering appointments. Lifelong difficulty recalling names. Lives independently. MSE has delayed recall of 4 words. Sx consistent with?
|
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment |
|
Most common genetic cause of intellectual disability.
|
Down's Syndrome |
|
Alzheimer's patient in clinic. Daughter is frustrated with caring for her, wants to remover her from her church group. Best initial response? |
Tell her to continue going to group. |