Principles Test 2- Infection Control

Front 1

The CDC is a branch of the ... and makes suggestions for ...

Back 1

The Center for Disease Control is a branch of the Department of Health and Human Services that makes suggestions for practice.

Front 2

OSHA and the EPA set the rules and regulations to protect ...

Back 2

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set the rules and regulations to protect healthcare workers.

Front 3

CDC- Responsible for ...

Back 3

developing safe guidelines to help prevent and control the spread of infectious disease

Front 4

OSHA- Responsible for ...

Back 4

maintaining minimum health and safety standards for employees

Front 5

AANA established a set of guidelines for the Nurse Anesthetist (2)

Back 5

1) Help promote infection control in anesthesia practice
2) Providence education to the nurse anesthetist in conjunction with CDC suggestions

Front 6

Two tier standard for isolation precautions

Back 6

Tier I: Standard Precautions
Tier 2: Transmission Based Precautions

Front 7

Tier I: Standard Precautions
Applies to but not limited:

Back 7

Blood and all body fluids, secretions, excretions, non-intact skin, mucous membranes
-Designed to care for all patients regardless of their diagnosis.

Front 8

Tier II: Transmission Precautions
Used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients known to be ...

Back 8

infected or colonized with epidemiologically important pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet or by contact: or by contamination of these routes

Front 9

Tier II Transmission Routes (3)

Back 9

Contact, Airborne, Droplet

Front 10

Contact Precautions: Prevention and Control includes but not limited to (3)

Back 10

-Gloves/gowns use when in contact with pt.
-Strict hand/washing/scrubbing/gloving b/w pts.
-Aseptic technique, cleaning, sterilatization

Front 11

Examples of pathogens spread by Contact Route:

Back 11

TB, Hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, VRE, MRSA, C-Diff, E-Coli, Scabies, Herpes, Shigella

Front 12

Airborne transmission occurs by dissemination of either ...

Back 12

airborne droplet nuclei of evaporated droplets that may remain suspended in the air/and dispersed for long periods of time and distance included on dust particles

Front 13

Airborne droplet nuclei are ...

Back 13

small-particle residue 5 micrometers or smaller in size

Front 14

Airborne droplet nuclei can be emitted during ...

Back 14

talking, whispering, sneezing, coughing, etc

Front 15

Examples of pathogens spread by Airborne Route:

Back 15

TB, Measles, avian influenza, chicken pox, varicella zoster, shingles

Front 16

Airborne Precaution Measures (6)

Back 16

-Standard Universal Precautions, eye protection
-Use properly fitted mask with high efficiency filtration (N95)
-Use disposable equipment when possible
-Negative Pressure OR room
-Use smoke evacuator to minimize aerosolized spores
-Keep pt. masked until intubation & on transport

Front 17

Negative Pressure Room: air ...

Back 17

Air comes in and doesn't go out

Front 18

Anesthesia Machine Control Measure for airborne transmission

Back 18

Bacterial filters to prevent contamination of the ventilator

Front 19

Droplet transmission propels short or long distances through the air?

Back 19

short

Front 20

Droplet transmission involves contact of (5)

Back 20

-conjunctivae or mucous membranes
-nose or mouth
-susceptible person with large particle droplets containing microorganisms generated from a person who has a clinical dz
-carrier of the micro-organism

Front 21

Large particle droplets are larger than

Back 21

5 micrometers in size

Front 22

Droplet transmission can be emitted during ...

Back 22

talking, sneezing, coughing and during common procedures in anesthesia such as suctioning; surgical procedure: Bronchoscopy

Front 23

Examples of Pathogens spread by droplet route ...

Back 23

Adenovirus pneumonia, H-influenza, seasonal human influenza, meningococcal dz, pertussis, rubella, strep-pneumonia

Front 24

Droplet Precaution measures

Back 24

standard precaution, eye protection, mask should be worn within 3ft of patient

Front 25

Hepatitis B vaccine is or isn't recommended for health care providers?

Back 25

is recommended

-Serological marker prevalence in anesthesia personnel is 15-50% compared to 3-5% of general population

Front 26

Hepatitis C, is there a vaccine available

Back 26

NO

-50-90% of these infections lead to chronic hepatitis which may result in death

Front 27

Risk from a single needle stick from an HIV infected patient has been estimated at

Back 27

0.4-0.5%

-organism infectivity, stage of the pt's dz, size of the inoculums, and immune status of the health care provider will determine the rate of transmission

Front 28

Operating Room Personnel, 3/4 of all sharps injuries are caused by

Back 28

suture needles
scalpel blades
IV catheters & hypodermics
retractors/skin hooks
electrosurgical needle tips
anesthesia (IV, A-line, neuro needles)

Front 29

Never place hands into the ... container

Back 29

Sharps

Front 30

Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogen Protocol (4)

Back 30

-Make announcement to OR staff in room
-Call/ notify supervisor for immediate relief
-Wash / milk the wound
-Follow hospital protocol for exposure

Front 31

Traffic Pattern in OR:
Unrestricted area ...

Back 31

Communication and control area “Front Desk”
Traffic not limited

Front 32

Traffic Pattern in OR:
Semi-Restricted area ...

Back 32

Support and storage areas
External corridor around the OR suites
Traffic limited to authorized personnel and pts
** Scrub suits required to include hair covering

Front 33

Traffic Pattern in OR:
Restricted area ...

Back 33

-OR Suites or where unwrapped instruments are sterilized
-Traffic limited to authorized personnel and patients
** Attire is same as for semi-restricted area with the addition of masks
** Patients are required to wear a hair covering

Front 34

Traffic Pattern in OR:
Prior planning equals

Back 34

reduced traffic in/out of room

Front 35

Keep doors to the OR ...

Back 35

CLOSED

-maintaining positive pressure keeps bacterial count down

Front 36

Traffic Pattern in OR:
ALWAYS enter from the ...
NEVER enter from the ...

Back 36

enter from substerile core area, never from hallway

Front 37

Keep ... field in view during movement

Back 37

sterile

Front 38

Surgical Site Infection (SSI):
Preventative steps (3)

Back 38

-Was antibiotic ordered and is it appropriate
-Timing (30 min-1 hour before cut time)
-Duration of administration (long surgery-do you need to repeat dose?)

Front 39

Infection Control for Anesthesia Equipement
5 steps:

Back 39

-Wipe down equipment daily and between each patient use: Monitors, leads, BP tubing, pumps, stethoscopes, flat surfaces, machine & carts
-Remove used gloves before opening carts & drawers
-Discard any items that are contaminated or potentially contaminated during case
-If something falls on the floor throw it out!
-Don’t put dirty equipment on top of clean

Front 40

Surgical Conscience:

Back 40

Internal voice / value system that motivates correct performance (observed or alone)

Front 41

Anesthesia machine care and cleaning:

Back 41

-At the end of each case discard portions of the system that are disposable
-Refer to manufacture’s guidelines for care and cleaning of other portions of the anesthesia machine