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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List all items that must be sterile
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Surgical instruments
Syringe needles IV and Urinary Catheters Implants Solutions for parenteral administration Dressings and swabs that contact a break in the skin Surgical gowns drapes and gloves |
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What items have a 'critical' risk level for sterilisation?
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Items that penetrate skin or mucus membranes
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Which items have a semi critical sterilisation risk level?
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for items that contact skin or mucus membranes but don’t necessarily breach them
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List 3 items requiring high level disinfection
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Endoscopes,
respiratory equipment, thermometer |
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What items have a Non-Critical sterilisation risk level?
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for items that only contact intact skin
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List 3 Items which require 'cleaning'.
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Bed
Sink eating utensils |
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Why is cleaning an essential starting point for sterilisation?
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Organic material may protect microbes from the killing agent, and may react with the disinfectants and make them less effective
Fewer micro organisms easier to kill |
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Define sterilisation
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Complete removal of micro-organisms
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List 6 methods of sterilisation:
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Moist Heat Sterilisation: Autoclaving
Dry Heat Incineration Radiation Filtration Ethylene Oxide Gas Low temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma Glutaraldehyde Peracetic Acid |
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Describe Moist Heat Sterilisation: Autoclaving
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121o C and 15psi for 15 (or more) minutes
Efficient, commonly used Using Higher pressure allows the temperature allows the steam to reach a higher temperature – high enough to kill effectively air pockets mean temp/pressure not reached |
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Is boiling an effective method of sterilisation?
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This is NOT a method of sterilisation
Some viruses and endospores can survive. |
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Describe sterilisation using Dry Heat
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180oC for 1 hour
Used for glass ware and some metals Special heat proof packaging is required Takes longer than autoclave Higher temperatures destroy or corrode many materials |
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List 3 items which are Incinerated
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Loops
Swabs Dressings Disposable items |
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What are the benefits of ionising radiation: X-rays and Gamma –Rays?
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Cost efficient
Low temperature Highly penetrating Extensively used for heat sensitive materials: syringes, needles, sutures, prostheses, also pharmaceuticals: injections, drugs, vaccines, antibiotics |
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Explain filtration
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Pass liquid or gas through fine filter to remove microbes
Used to sterilise aqueous solutions for IV use, surgical irrigating, dialysis, nutrition, heat sensitive antibiotic solutions Drugs, blood and blood products |
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Explain the use of Ethylene Oxide Gas
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Good for equipment that would be damaged by heat or liquid, eg rubber
Gas is Toxic Explosive Used limited Must allow gas to disperse from after sterilisation |
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Describe the use of Low Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma and list 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages.
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Used for heat and moisture sensitive equipment
Safer than ethylene oxide and glutaraldehyde (products are water and oxygen) The “plasma” is hydrogen peroxide that is vapourised and energised with radio waves. Disadvantages Cost of unit Special wrapping of equipment Advantages Very effective Quick Non toxic products |
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Describe the uses of Glutaraldehyde Solution.
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Non-corrosive liquid
Good for endoscopes Toxic and allergenic equipment must be rinsed with sterile water after use. Wear gloves Ventilate |
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Describe Peracetic Acid
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A dilute solution of an oxidising agent,
takes 30 minutes Product wet, use immediately Replacement for Glutaraldehyde |
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List 3 Physical Methods of Disinfection
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Boiling
Pasteurisation UV light Filtration |
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Physical Methods of Disinfection
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Boiling
Pasteurisation UV light Filtration |
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List 4 Chemical Methods of Disinfection
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Phenolics
Halogens Chlohexidine Alcohol Triclosan QUATS |
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Where is Air Filtration used?
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Operating theatre
Burns unit Isolation unit High dependency ward |
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List 5 Desirable Characteristics of Chemical Disinfectants
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Kill in a reasonable time period
Non-toxic to humans and not damage the material on which it is used Soluble in water and easy to apply Inexpensive Easy to prepare and use Stable for safe transport and/or storage for a reasonable period Stable to pH and temperature changes within reasonable limits |
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Factors that Effect the Activity of Chemical Agents
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Concentration
Time Temperature Number and types of organisms present Nature of the Surrounding Medium: pH Presence of organic matter |
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List 4 considerations for the use of Chemical Disinfectants
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Use the correct concentration
Use within its expiry period Immerse for the correct time Use the correct chemical for the job Immerse totally Clean items first |
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List 6 factors that effect the activity of Chemical Agents
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Concentration
Time Temperature Number and types of organisms present Nature of the Surrounding Medium: pH Presence of organic matter |
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List 3 modes of action of chemical agents
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Disrupt the Cell Membrane
Action on Cell Protein Action on Genetic Material |
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List 3 methods of Microbial Control
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Low Temperature: Refrigeration (4 degrees C) Freezing
Drying Chemical Preservatives: |
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Modes of Action of Chemical Agents
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Disrupt the Cell Membrane
Action on Cell Protein Action on Genetic Material |
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Define: Antiseptic
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Antimicrobial chemical agent used on human surface (skin).
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Define: Decontamination
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Removing dirt and pathogens, by cleaning and disinfection
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Define: Disinfection
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Removal of micro-organisms to safe level (on inanimate objects) doesn’t sterilise
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Define: Disinfectant:
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Chemical agent used to disinfect
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Define: Germicidal / Microbiocidal
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active against broad range of micro-organims
-cide / -cidal: kills -static / -stasis: stops growth |
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Define: Bactericidal
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kills bacteria
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Define: Bacteriostatic
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stops bacteria from multiplying
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Define: Fungicidal/fungistatic
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kill, or stop growth of fungi
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Define: Virucidal
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kills viruses
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Define: Sporicidal
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active against spores (usually bacterial)
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Define: Pasteurisation
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treatment with mild heat, to destroy microorganism responsible for food spoilage, and some pathogens
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Define: Sanitisation
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reduction of microbes to acceptable (safe) level
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Define: Sterile
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complete absence of all microorganisms, including viruses and spores
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