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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The fundamental unit of life is?
A) The Cell B) Tissue C) The Organ D) The Organism E) DNA |
A = The Cell
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One of the three main elements of a typical cell is the?
A) Cell Membrane B) Cilia C) Leukocyte D) Eosinophil E) Basophil |
A = Cell Membrane
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The characteristic ability of a cell membrane to selectively permit material to pass through it is called?
A) Diffusiveness B) Imperviousness C) Semipermeability D) Cytoplasmicism E) Isotonicism |
C = Sermipermeability
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The thick viscous fluid that fills the cell and gives it shape is called:
A) Ribosome B) Lysosome C) Cytoplasm D) Protoplasm E) Either C or D |
E = Either C or D
C) Cytoplasm D) Protoplasm |
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The structure that contains the genetic material including the cell's DNA is the:
A) Endoplasmic Reticulum B) Golgi Apparatus C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria E) Cytokine |
C = Nucleus
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Which of the following is NOT one of the major cell functions:
A) Movement B) Respiration C) Excretion D) Conductivity E) Dialysis |
E = Dialysis
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The compound that provides the cell with most of its energy is:
A) DNA B) Phosgene C) Carbon Dioxide D) ATP E) Carbohydrates |
D = ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
A high-energy compound present in all cells, especially muscle cells; when split by enzyme action it yields energy. Energy is stored in ATP. |
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The tissue type that covers the internal and external body surfaces is:
A) Epithelial B) Smooth Muscle C) Nerve D) Connective E) Skeletal Muscle |
A = Epithelial
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The tissue type that is mostly under voluntary control is:
A) Epithelial B) Smooth Muscle C) Nerve D) Connective E) Skeletal Muscle |
E = Skeletal Muscle
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The tissue type that provides support and insulation is:
A) Epithelial B) Smooth Muscle C) Nerve D) Connective E) Skeletal Muscle |
D = Connective
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The body organ system that produces most body heat is:
A) Muscular B) Gastrointestinal C) Nerve D) Connective E) Lymphatic |
A = Muscular
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The body organ system that is important in fighting disease and filtration is the:
A) Muscular B) Gastrointestinal C) Nerve D) Connective E) Lymphatic |
E = Lymphatic
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The term that is applied to the building up and tearing down of biochemical substances to produce energy is:
A) Anatomy B) Physiology C) Catabolism D) Anabolism E) Metabolism |
E = Metabolism
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Ductless or endocrine glands secrete directly into the circulatory system.
True or False |
True
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The natural tendency of the body to maintain a constant internal environment is:
A) Cellular Equilibrium B) Homeostasis C) Metabolism D) Physiology E) Paracrine Signaling |
B = Homeostasis
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The body's major baroreceptors are located in:
A) Arch of the Aorta B) Brainstem C) Lung Tissue D) Inner Ears E) Medulla Oblongata |
A = Arch of the Aorta
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Most of the input affecting body organs and homeostasis occurs via the positive feedback loope.
True or False |
False
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The feedback system that decrease stimulation as the target organ responds is the:
A) Positive Feedback Loop B) Negative Feedback Loop C) Decompensation System D) Beta Adrenergic System E) Cholinergic Loop |
B = Negative Feedback Loop
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The "dance with death" is a phrase associated with which of the following signs if shock:
A) Rapid, weak pulse and warm, dry skin B) Dyspnea and hypotension C) Tachycardia and hypotension D) Bradycardia and cool, mosit skin E) Lowered level of consciousness and hypotension |
C = Tachycardia and hypotension
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A cell size that increases due to an increase in workload is an example of the process known as:
A) Atrophy B) Hypertrophy C) Hyperplasia D) Metaplasia E) Dysplasia |
B = Hypertrophy
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An abnormal change in cell size or shape due to some external stressor is an example of the process known as:
A) Atrophy B) Hypertrophy C) Hyperplasia D) Metaplasia E) Dysplasia |
E = Dysplasia
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A blockage or reduction in the delivery of oxygenated blood to body cells is:
A) Hypoxia B) Anoxia C) Hypoperfusion D) Ischemia E) Infarction |
D = Ischemia
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Which of the following types of cellular injuries is caused by pathogens:
A) Hypoxia B) Chemical C) Inflammatory D) Immunological E) Infectious |
E = Infectious
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A pathogen's virulence is described as its ability to:
A) Invade cells B) Destroy cells C) Produce toxins D)) Produce hypersensitivity reactions E) All of the above |
E = All of the above
A) Invade cells B) Destroy cells C) Produce toxins D)) Produce hypersensitivity reactions |
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A change in cellular structure due to an alteration i the permeability of teh cell's membrane is:
A) Fatty alteration B) Anabolism C) Catabolism D) Cellular swelling E) Apoptosis |
D = Cellular Swelling
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Cellular destruction caused by an internal release of enzymes is:
A) Apoptosis B) Fatty change C) necrosis D) Gangrene E) Hemoptysis |
A = Apoptosis
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Which of the following is NOT a type of necrosis?
A) Fatty B) Liquefactive C) Bilateral D) Coagulative E) Caseous |
C = Bilateral
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The amount of water in the adult male is approximately what percentage of body weight?
A) 25% B) 35% C) 60% D) 75% E) 80% |
C = 60%
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Extracellular fluid accounts for what percentage of total body water?
A) 75% B) 60% C) 25% D) 17.5% E) 7.55 |
C = 25%
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The fluid space found between the vascular and cellular compartments is the extracellular compartment.
True or False |
False
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A fluid that dissolves other substances is a:
A) Solute B) Electrolyte C) Hydrate D) Solvent E) Anhydrous |
D = Solvent
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Which of the following is a source of body fluid loss and dehydration?
A) Diarrhea B) Hyperventilation C) Pancreatitis D) Poor nutritional states E) All of the above |
E = All of the above
A) Diarrhea B) Hyperventilation C) Pancreatitis D) Poor nutritional states |
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The term 'turgor' refers to:
A) Intense thirst B) Skin tension C) Highly concentrated urine D) Sunken fontanelles E) Extreme obesity |
B = Skin tension
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Which element is most common in the human body?
A) Hydrogen B) Oxygen C) Carbon D) Nitrogen E) Sodium |
A = Hydrogen
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A positively charged ion is a(n)?
A) Anion B) Cation C) Electrolyte D) Dissociated element E) Reagent |
B = Cation
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The most prevalent cation in the human body is:
A) Magnesium B) Chloride C) Potassium D) Bicarbonate E) Sodium |
E = Sodium
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Which of the following ions is responsible for buffering the acid concentrations in the body?
A) Magnesium B) Chloride C) Potassium D) Bicarbonate E) Sodium |
D = Bicarbonate
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Which of the following is an electrolyte?
A) Glucose B) Urea C) Protein D) Sodium Bicarbonate E) Serum |
D = Sodium Bicarbonate
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A solution that contains more solute concentration on one side of a semipermeable membrane than on the other is said to be:
A) Hypertonic B) Isotonic C) Hypotonic D) Osmotic E) Diffused |
A = Hypertonic
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When an isotonic solution is placed in the human bloodstream, water moves in which direction?
A) Into the vascular space B) Does not move C) Out of the vascular space D) In both directions E) None of the above |
B = Does not move
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When a hypertonic solution is placed in the human bloodstream, water moves in which direction?
A) Into the vascular space B) Does not move C) Out of the vascular space D) In both directions E) None of the above |
A = Into the vascular space
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The movement of a solvent from an area of high concentration through a semipermeable membrane to an area of lower concentration is termed:
A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Facilitated transport E) Oncosis |
B = Osmosis
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The movement of water out of and then back into the capillary as it travels through the capillary is regulated by the protein concentration within the blood and the pressure as the blood is pushed through the capillary.
True or False |
True
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The pressure that draws water into the blood because of the proteins there is called:
A) Osmolarity B) Osmotic Pressure C) Hydrostatic pressure D) Oncotic force E) Filtration |
D = Oncotic force
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The movement of water out of the plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space is:
A) Osmolarity B) Osmotic pressure C) Hydrostatic pressure D) Oncotic force E) Filtration |
E = Filtration
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Which of the following is a common cause of edema?
A) An increased plasma oncotic force B) Decreased hydrostatic pressure C) Decreased capillary permeability D) Lymphatic channel obstruction E) All of the above |
D = Lymphatic channel obstruction
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The blood component that contains proteins, electrolytes, and clotting factors is:
A) Plasma B) Platelets C) Erythrocytes D) Leukocytes E) None of the Above |
A = Plasma
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Which of the following blood components is/are responsible for a portion of the clotting process?
A) Plasma B) Platelets C) Erythrocytes D) Leukocytes E) None of the Above |
E = A and B
A) Plasma B) Platelets |
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The most desirable fluid for blood loss replacement is normal saline.
True or False |
False
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The percentage of blood accounted for by red blood cells is termed the:
A) Component count B) Hematocrit C) Hemoglobin level D) Oncotic Pressure E) Leukocyte level |
B = Hematocrit
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Common signs of a transfusion reaction include:
A) Fever B) Chills C) Hives D) Nausea E) All of the above |
E = All of the above
A) Fever B) Chills C) Hives D) Nausea |
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A small volume of colloid solutions can be administered to a patient with a greater than expected increase i the intravascular volume.
True or False |
True
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Which of the following is NOT a colloid solution?
A) Plasmanate B) Hetastarch C) Dextran D) Ringer's solution E) Salt-poor albumin |
D = Ringer's solution
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Which of the following solutions will cause a net movement of water into erythrocytes?
A) A colloid solution B) A hypertonic solution C) A hypotonic solution D) An isotonic solution E) A and B |
C = A hypotonic solution
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Which of the following solutions contains a concentration of electrolytes that is very similar to plasma?
A) Lactated Ringer's solution B) Normal saline C) 1/2 Normal saline D) D5W E) Dextran |
A = Lactated Ringer's solution
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The higher the pH value, the lower the concentration of hydrogen ions.
True or False |
True
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The normal pH range in the human body is:
A) 6.9 to 7.35 B) 7.35 to 7.45 C) 7.45 to 7.8 D) 6.9 to 7.8 E) None of the above |
B = 7.35 to 7.45
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Which of the following would be considered alkalosis in the human?
A) 6.9 to 7.35 B) 7.35 to 7.45 C) 7.45 to 7.8 D) 6.4 to 6.9 E) None of the above |
C = 7.45 to 7.8
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A decrease in pH of 1 would reflect which change in the concentration of hydrogen ions?
A) 100 times as great B) 10 times as great C) 1/10th as great D) 1/100th as great E) A doubling |
C = 1/10th as great
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The cellular environment of the human body is slightly acidic.
True or False |
False
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The body system that responds most rapidly to a change in the pH is the:
A) Respiratory System B) cardiovascular System C) Digestive System D) Buffer System E) Genitourinary System |
D = Buffer System
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The addition of hydrogen ions to the bloodstream will result in an increase in carbon dioxide.
True or False |
True
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Respiratory alkalosis is caused by an increased retention of carbon dioxide in the lungs.
True or False |
False
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In addition to treating the underlying cause, the care of metaboloic acidosis includes ensuring adequate ventilation.
True or False |
True
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A common cause of metabolic alkalosis is the administration of:
A) Sedatives B) Analgesics C) Bronchodilators D) Diuretics E) Antibiotics |
D = Diuretics
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____________ lines internal and external body surfaces. It provides protection and specialized functions such as secretions, absorption, diffusion, and filtration. Major examples are the skin and the lining of the digestive tract.
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Epithelial Tissue
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_____________has the capability to contract when stimulated. It is of three types: cardiac muscle, found only in the heart; skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control; and smooth muscle, found in the intestines and blood vessels, which is not under voluntary control.
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Muscle Tissue
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____________________is specialized tissue capable of transmitting electrical impulses throughout the body and makes up the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
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Nerve Tissue
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_____________________involves the ability of the body cell to change and adapt based on normal metaplasic, and dysplasia.
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Cellular Adaption
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______________ the process of decreasing cell size due to a decrease in cell workload.
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Atrophy
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_______________ is an increase in cell size resulting from an increase in workload.
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Hypertrophy
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_______________ is an increase in the number of cells in response to an increase in workload.
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Hyperplasia
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