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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Principle of uniqueness is that no 2 things:
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that happen by chance ever happen in exactly the same way.
are ever constructed or manufactured in exactly the same way. ever wear in exactly the same way. ever break in exactly the same way. |
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Principle of individualization.
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If proper scientific methodology is followed and there exists sufficient clarity in an impression, it may be individualized as originating from the same source.
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What is a class characteristic?
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an intentional or unavoidable characteristic that repeats during the manufacturing process and is shared by more than one shoe.
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What are 3 class characteristics?
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Size, shape and pattern.
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Define accidental characteristics as per William BODZIAK.
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Characteristics that result when something is randomly added or taken away from a shoe outsole that either causes or contributes to making a shoe outsole unique.
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4 aspects to compare for each accidental characteristic.
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Size, shape, location and orientation.
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Factors to consider when comparing footwear.
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Clarity of characteristics.
Degree of uniqueness. Reproducibility of characteristics. confirmation of them as random. |
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What is schallamack?
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Random tearing of elements of the sole that is identifiable, although short lived.
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Philosophy of footwear identification.
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Established by the agreement of class and accidental characteristics of such significance or number that no other logical conclusion can be reached.
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What are the 4 conclusions that can be reached?
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Positive, similar, exclusionary and inconclusive.
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Positive/individualized.
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Based on adequate accidental and class characteristics the physical evidence has been individualized to a known and specific source.
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Similar.
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There are insufficient accidental characteristics to individualize, however there is sufficient class characteristic agreement to conclude the questioned impression was made by a source of similar pattern or size.
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Excluded.
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The questioned physical evidence contains sufficient information to be compared to another known source and determine they did not come from the same source.
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Inconclusive.
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There is lack of sufficient accidental and class characteristic detail to reach a conclusion.
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