Principles Of Cognitive Neuroscience

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

elements that make up all animal tissue; the basic biological unit of life, defined by a membrane or wall that encloses cytoplasm and, in eukaryote organisms, a nucleus

Front 2

Nerve Cells/ Neurons

Back 2

a cell specialized for the conduction and transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system; build of Dendrites (in), cell body (processing) and Axon (out, has Myelin)

Front 3

Neuroglial Cells/ Neoroglia/ Glia

Back 3

any of several types of non-neural cells found in the peripheral and central nervous system that carry out a variety of functions that do not directly entail signaling; Glia=glue aka brain glue

Front 4

Cell Body/ Soma

Back 4

the portion of neuron that houses the cell's nucleus and organelles; axons and dendrites typically extend from

Front 5

Organelles

Back 5

subcellular component; critical for cell function; basically the workers that keep the factory running; process glucose to make ATP, remove waste, aid replication, etc. etc.

Front 6

Axon

Back 6

extension of neuron that carries action potential through electric impulses over distances from the nerve cell body to target, covered in Myelin

Front 7

Dendrite

Back 7

extension of neuron that receives synaptic input and carries electric impulses into the nerve cell

Front 8

Neuronal Circuit

Back 8

aka Da Brain or rather the foundation of structural and functional diversity of a nervous system

Front 9

Neurotransmitters

Back 9

a chemical agent, aka biological molecule released at synapses that mediates signaling between nerve cells (ex: Na+ and K+)

Front 10

Synapses

Back 10

specialized point of contact between an axon (presynaptic cell) and a target (postsynaptic) where information is transferred between the cells by the release and receipt of neurotransmitters

Front 11

Axon Hillock

Back 11

initial portion of an axon, closest to cell body; point where action potentials are typically initiated

Front 12

Action Potential

Back 12

electrical signal conducted along neuronal axons by which information is conveyed from one place to naother in NS

Front 13

Ion Channels

Back 13

membrane protein that uses the passive energy of concentration gradients to allow the passage of ions across cell membrane

Front 14

Ion Pumps/ exchangers

Back 14

membrane protein that uses metabolic energy to create ion concentration gradients across neuronal membranes; primary user of energy of neuron and reason for massive energy use of brain

Front 15

Synaptic Cleft

Back 15

the space in the synapse between the pre and post synapses

Front 16

Neurotransmitter Receptors

Back 16

molecule embedded in the membrane of a postsynaptic cells that binds a neurotrasmitter

Front 17

Synaptic Vesicles

Back 17

organelles at synaptic endings that contain neurotransmitter agents

Front 18

Afferent Neurons

Back 18

nerve cells (axon) that conduct information centrally, towards CNS, or to any neural processing structure

Front 19

Efferent Neurons

Back 19

nerve cells (axon) that conducts info peripherally, away from CNS;

Front 20

Interneurons

Back 20

a neuron that branches locally to innervate other neurons; a neuron in a circuit that lies between primary sensory and primary effecter neurons