Principles Of Animal Disease And Control

Front 1

Definition of Health

Back 1

Maintain homeostasis, Normal fully functional animal

Front 2

Definition of Disease

Back 2

Illness and Injury-not at optimal health

Front 3

3 Types of Disease Classification and their definitions

Back 3

Subclinical: Looking at animal you cant tell
Clinical: Disease is obvious
Terminal

Front 4

Endemic, Epidemic, Pandemic

Back 4

Endemic: disease is normal in herd, operation, region just there all the time ex: West Nile
Epidemic: outbreak in new way, increase in incidence and cases (H1N1 in humans)
Pandemic: Disease is all over world-side at high incidence

Front 5

Zoonotic

Back 5

can effect both human and animals and be passed from one species to the other

Front 6

What are the losses that occur when an animal has a disease?

Back 6

Whatever the animal usually provides/ utility, money, performance, normal function

Front 7

Common Causes of Disease

Back 7

Genetic, Infection, Nutritional, Metabolic, Toxic, Parasitic, Hormonal, Injury

Front 8

****The number one cause of disease****

Back 8

Mismanagement

Front 9

Common Anti-Disease and Control Measures

Back 9

Prevention by Sanitation, Prophylaxis (procedure that prevents---like teeth cleanings), Vaccination, Biosecurity

Front 10

Main Goal in Control and Management

Back 10

Break Transmission Cycle. Transmission drives Disease

Front 11

What are the two transmission requirements for disease to occur?

Back 11

Have a diseased animal and a susceptible animal (Combo of both)

Front 12

True or False: The mode of transmission for each disease is mutually exclusive

Back 12

False: it is based on nature of the micro-organism but some diseases can be transmitted in more than one way. Example: Rabies can be bite or aerisol in lab setting

Front 13

What is an example of a disease that has a mode of transmission that is not mutually exclusive?

Back 13

Rabies and Anthrax (can be cutaneous or respiratory or gastrointestinal)

Front 14

What are the types of transmission?

Back 14

Direct, Indirect, Droplet Contact, Airborne, Fecal-Oral, Urinary, Vector-borne, Fomite-Borne

Front 15

Explain Direct Transmission of a disease

Back 15

Requires a physical contact between an infected animal and a susceptible animal and the physical transfer of microorganism

Front 16

****Types of Direct Transmission***

Back 16

Direct Touch, Sexual Contact, Bite, Contact with oral secretions, contact with body lesions

Front 17

Indirect Contact Transmission

Back 17

An infection caused by facility or premise contamination, surface contact, organisms can survive on surfaces for extended periods of time

Front 18

Droplet Contact Transmission

Back 18

Infected droplets contact surfaces of eye, nose, or mouth (droplets weight make them too heavy and large to be airborne for long periods of time)

Front 19

Airborne Transmission

Back 19

Due to lightness of particle or a dusty environment. Droplet nuclei remain suspended in air for long time, can be inhaled into resp tract, use of respirators and air masks can prevent

Front 20

Fecal-Oral Transmission

Back 20

Organisms that infect digestive system, microorganism enter the body through ingestion of contaminated food, water, grass --common with worms and parasites. can be carried on birds feet and mouse droppings--larvae

Front 21

Urinary Transmission

Back 21

Usually through contaminated food and water, animals licking marked spots, lepto spreads this way

Front 22

Vector-borne transmission

Back 22

Ex: Mosquitoes, flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rodents, reptiles
Mobility: Increases range of disease
Migratory birds
Adds extra element: Must know behavior and patterns of vector

Front 23

Fomite-Borne Transmission

Back 23

Inanimate objects (shoes instruments loaders, buckets, feed buckets, tires

Front 24

Biosecurity

Back 24

intentional planning programs to prevent transmission. Big with Foot and Mouth Disease

Front 25

******What is the difference between Biosecurity and Biocontainment

Back 25

Biosecurity: action steps to prevent introduction of infections agents into herd (currently free from disease) keep stuff out
Biocontainment: Action steps to prevent the spread of infectious agents w/in herd (endemic disease--already there how to stop from spreading)

Front 26

3 steps for biosecurity

Back 26

prevent entry of disease into herd, prevent movement of disease w/in herd, prevent export of disease from herd

Front 27

What is the benefit of a risk assessment?

Back 27

tells us what diseases are in the existing herd, what's common in the area, replacement animal risk, trade offs economically, diagnostic program

Front 28

Common ways to control disease within a herd

Back 28

Maintain a closed herd (replacements not foreign of semi closed only bull replacement), Vaccinate, Minimize Fence contact, create buffer zone, isolate sick animals, Quarantine animals after returning from off-premise

Front 29

What is a common way water borne disease enters a herd

Back 29

not fencing off a creek or stream that brings in foreign water, free water vs controlled or hauled water, spring fed creeks vs downstream location

Front 30

How to control replacement animals from bringing in disease

Back 30

Raise replacements yourself, purchase from verified sources, tested herds vs non tested dealers and auctions, make sure trucks and trailers are clean that are transporting, quarantine all new animals for 45 days, test new animals

Front 31

Pest Control involves

Back 31

insects, rodents, bird, wildlife and feral, and pets

Front 32

Measures to keep human vistors out or safe around herd

Back 32

security lights, gates, padlocks on gates, minimize number of visitors, making sure they don't walk in feedbunks, dressing and boots, foreign visitors have to be in country 5+ days

Front 33

Ways to prevent vehicles from bringing a disease into herd/operation

Back 33

develop outside vehicle flow pattern (for ag professionals, vets, feed trucks, rendering (dead animal pick up), employees, visitors) on-farm only vehicles, special parking areas

Front 34

Vehicle flow pattern

Back 34

dont want two traffic lanes to cross over, tire washing stations, have one gate for render specific trucks

Front 35

How to make employees less of a risk for bringing in disease

Back 35

have written biosecurity plan, develop work flow pattern (work with clean calves then older animals), employee owned animals a risk (having a dog with them)