Principles Of Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

embryology

Back 1

first 8 wks of dev following fertilization of an egg in humans

Front 2

developmental biology

Back 2

the complete dev of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

Front 3

cell biology

Back 3

cellular structure and functions

Front 4

histology

Back 4

microscopic structure of tissues

Front 5

surface anatomy

Back 5

surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

Front 6

gross anatomy

Back 6

structures that can be examined without using a microscope

Front 7

systemic anatomy

Back 7

structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems

Front 8

regional anatomy

Back 8

specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

Front 9

radiographic anatomy

Back 9

body structures that can be visualized with x-rays

Front 10

pathological anatomy

Back 10

structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease

Front 11

embryology

Back 11

first 8 wks of dev following fertilization of an egg in humans

Front 12

developmental biology

Back 12

the complete dev of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

Front 13

cell biology

Back 13

cellular structure and functions

Front 14

histology

Back 14

microscopic structure of tissues

Front 15

surface anatomy

Back 15

surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation

Front 16

auscultation

Back 16

the examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs, often using a stethoscope

Front 17

percussion

Back 17

the examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo

Front 18

metabolism

Back 18

sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

Front 19

catabolism

Back 19

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Front 20

anabolism

Back 20

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Front 21

responsiveness

Back 21

the body's ability to detect and respond to changes

Front 22

integumentary system components

Back 22

skin and structures associated with it, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands

Front 23

skeletal system components

Back 23

bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages

Front 24

muscular system components

Back 24

muscles composed of skeletal muscle tissue, so-named because it is usually attached to bones

Front 25

nervous system components

Back 25

brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears.

Front 26

endocrine system components

Back 26

hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

Front 27

cardiovascular system components

Back 27

blood, heart, and blood vessels

Front 28

lymphatic system and immunity components

Back 28

lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels; also includes spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils

Front 29

respiratory system components

Back 29

lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of the lungs

Front 30

digestive system components

Back 30

organs of gastrointestinal tract, a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Front 31

urinary system components

Back 31

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Front 32

reproductive system components

Back 32

gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymis, ductus deferens, and penis in males)

Front 33

integumentary system functions

Back 33

protects the body; helps regulate body temp, eliminates some wastes; helps make vitamin D and detects sensations such as touch, pain, etc

Front 34

skeletal system functions

Back 34

supports and protects the body; provides a surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores minerals and lipids

Front 35

muscular system functions

Back 35

produces body movements, stabilizes body position, generates heat

Front 36

nervous system functions

Back 36

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body's internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Front 37

endocrine system functions

Back 37

regulates body activities body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

Front 38

cardiovascular system functions

Back 38

heart pumps blood trhough blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

Front 39

lymphatic functions

Back 39

returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; includes structures where lymphocytes that protect against disease-causing microbes mature and proliferate

Front 40

respiratory system functions

Back 40

transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

Front 41

digestive system functions

Back 41

achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

Front 42

urinary system functions

Back 42

produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body's mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

Front 43

reproductive systems functions

Back 43

gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a new organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes