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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what 4 agents does the immune system fight off
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bacteria
viruses fungi parasites |
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when the system malfunctions it allows flood of diseases such as
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allergies
arthritis cancer AIDS |
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the immune system has the ability to
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distinguish between self and non self
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what is an antigen
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any substance capable of triggering an immune response
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give some examples of an antigen
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virus
bacteria fungus parasite |
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what is TAA
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tumor associated antigen. found on tumor cells that are target for T cells and antibodies
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what are the key operatives of the immune system
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lymphocytes
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what do neutrophils do
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go to site of inflammation
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what do eosinophils do
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allergic response
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what do basophils do
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inflammation and release histamine
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what are monocytes
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macrophages
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what are the 3 granulocytes
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neutrophils
eosinophils basophils |
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lymphoid divides into what 2 categories of cells
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B cell
T cell |
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what are the 2 B cells
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BT independent
BT dependent |
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what are the 4 T cells
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helper T
T suppressor T cytotoxic T hypersensitivity |
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what are the 8 lymphoid organs
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tonsils
thymus lymph nodes spleen appendix bone marrow peyer's patches lymphatic vessels |
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what is the spleen composed of
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red and white pulp
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what does the red pulp of the spleen do
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worn out cells are disposed of in the red pulp by macrophages
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what does the white pulp of the spleen do
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considered lymphoid tissue
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the spleen is the major organ where what happens
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antibodies are synthesized and released into circulation
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what is the main function of lymphocytes
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carry out activities of the immune system
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what are the 2 major types of immune cells produced by lymphocytes
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B cells
T cells |
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where are B cells
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bone marrow
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where are T cells
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thymus
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what do B cells do
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synthesize and secrete antibodies into the bloodstream with specificity against foreign substances
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B cells differentiate into
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plasma cells which release antibodies
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what kind of immunity is B cell lymphocytes
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humoral
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what do T cells do
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interact directly with their targets by attacking cells
secrete lymphokines to spur additional T cell growth |
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what do T cells become
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suppressor cells to draw the response to a close
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what kind of immunity are T cell lymphocyte4s
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cell-mediated
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what do T cell lymphocytes activate
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active macrophages
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what is T cell education
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process by which they learn to distinguish self cells from non self cells
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t cells contribute to the immune defenses in 2 major ways
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regulatory T cells
cytotoxic t cells (killer cells) |
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what do regulatory T cells do
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coordinates the defense system
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what do cytotoxic t cells do
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directly attack body cells that are infected or malignant
responsible for rejection of tissue grafts and organ transplantation |
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what are lymphokines
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substances secreted by T cells, chemical messengers that attach to specific receptors on target cells
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lymphokines play a big role in
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macrophage activation
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what 5 things to lymphokines do
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encourage cell growth
promose cell activation direct cellular traffic destroy target cells stimulate macrophages |
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antibodies belong to a family of large molecules called
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immunoglobulins
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what are the 4 distinct classes of immunoglobulins
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IgG
IgE IgM IgD IgA |
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what are some facts about IgG
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most abundant
only one that can cross placental barrier gives baby immunity directed against common agents (viruses, bacteria) |
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what are some facts about IgE
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concerned with allergic response
elevated when you have asthma, hay fever, parasites |
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what are some facts about IgM
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constitutes 5-10% of circulating antibodies
first line of defense against bacteria |
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what are some facts about IgA
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found in secretions
usually tears, saliva, mucous 5-10% of circulating antibodies |
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Humoral immunity involves
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mostly B cells that ingests and processes circulating antigens
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unlike macrophages, B cells can only
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bind to an antigen that matches its specific antibody surface
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antigen-antibody complexes are removed by
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liver and spleen
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how do natural killer cells work
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bind to target--> deliver lethal burst of chemicals that produce holes in membrane--> fluid escapes and the cell dies
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what are phagocytes
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large white blood cells that engulf and digest microorganisms and other particles
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what are the 2 types of phagocytes
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monocyte
macrophages |
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monocytes migrate into tissue and become
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macrophages
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where do we find monocytes
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lungs
kidney brain liver |
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what is the complement system
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25 different proteins that work to compliment the activity of antibodies in destroying bacteria
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what 3 ways can immunity be introduced
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naturally
infection artificially |
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what is immunity
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the benefit and usual consequences of the immune system
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what are the non specific defenses
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physical barriers
phagocytes natural killer cells interferons |
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what are the 3 kinds of interferons
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alpha
beta gamma |
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what are alpha interferons
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attracts and stimulates NK cells
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what do beta interferons do
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fibroblasts, slows inflammation
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what do gamma interferons do
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T cells and NK cells, stimulates macrophages
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monocytes migrate into tissue and become
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macrophages
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where do we find monocytes
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lungs
kidney brain liver |
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what is the complement system
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25 different proteins that work to compliment the activity of antibodies in destroying bacteria
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what 3 ways can immunity be introduced
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naturally
infection artificially |
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what is immunity
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the benefit and usual consequences of the immune system
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what are the non specific defenses
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physical barriers
phagocytes natural killer cells interferons |
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what are the 3 kinds of interferons
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alpha
beta gamma |
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what are alpha interferons
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attracts and stimulates NK cells
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what do beta interferons do
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fibroblasts, slows inflammation
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what do gamma interferons do
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T cells and NK cells, stimulates macrophages
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what does heparin do
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helps blood not clot
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what do pyrogens do
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elevate body temperature
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what are specific defenses
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cell mediated immunity
antibody-mediated immunity innate immunity |
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what is active immunity
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comes about when the host is exposed to an antigen and as a result of this exposure has the capacity to recognize, react, and neutralize the antigen
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what is passive immunity
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when the infected host does not form his own antibodies but is given injections of antibody from another source
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what are the 4 disorders of the immune system
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allergies
autoimmune diseases immunodeficiency immune complex |
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what are biologic response modifiers
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modifies the relationship between the tumor and host by strenghtening the host's biologic response to tumor cells
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