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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 8 most abundant elements that occur as elements or combine to form the chemical compounds of the Earth's crust?
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oxygen
silicon calcium iron aluminum sodium potassium magnesium |
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How did elements become distributed during Earth's molten stage?
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-Heavier elements (iron, nickel) sank to interior
-Lighter elements were left on the surface (called the crust) |
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What is a mineral?
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Mineral- Naturally occurring, inorganic solid element or compound with a constant chemical composition in a crystalline structure
It cannot be man-made and is arranged in a regular, repeating pattern |
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What is a rock?
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An aggregation of one of more minerals and other materials brought together into a cohesive (sticking together) solid.
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What are the three main rock groups?
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sedimentary
igneous metamorphic |
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What is an igneous rock?
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Formed from a hot, molten mass of melted rock material, called "magma". Magma cools and crystalizes to solid, igneous rock below or on the earth's surface.
Examples- granite or basalt |
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What is a sedimentary rock?
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Forms from particles or dissolved materials from preciously existing rocks. Air and water break down rock and particles that aren't dissolved are transported by a body of water and deposited.
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What is a metamorphic rock?
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Previously existing rock that has been changed by heat, pressure or hot solutions into different rock.
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What is the rock cycle concept and how does it view rocks?
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Concept of rocks changing continually through time It views igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock as the PRESENT BUT TEMPORARY STAGE IN THE ONGOING TRANSFORMATION OF ROCKS INTO NEW TYPES
(know word for word in caps) |
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What is the oceanic crust?
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It is thinner than continental crust and seismic waves move more quickly through oceanic crust. The 2 types of crust vary because they are made of 2 different types of rock
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What is the mantle?
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It is the middle part of the earth's interior; the thick shell between the core and the crust (80% of the earth)
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What are the two parts of the mantle?
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Lithosphere
Asthenosphere |
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What is the Lithosphere?
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solid, top layer of the mantle, made up of rigid plates, that move and float like ice sheets on the ocean.
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What is the Asthenosphere?
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hot, elastic, semi-liquid bottom layer of the mantle that extends around the earth. It is plastic, mobile, yields to stress. In some places, contains magma
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What is the core?
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It is the center part of the earth.
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What does the core consist of (what are the parts)
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There are two parts. It consists of a liquid outer-core and a solid inner-core. It's thought that the inner core is mostly made of iron, giving earth its magnetic field
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What is a plate boundary?
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it's the edge of a plate where earthquakes, volcanos, and most rapid changes in the crust occur.
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What are the three types of boundaries?
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divergent
convergent transform |
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What is a divergent boundary?
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Occur between 2 plates moving away from each other. Magma forms as the plates separate, decreasing pressure below. Magma rises, cools and becomes new crust. This is why it is called "new crust zone".
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What is a convergent boundary?
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occur between 2 plates moving towards each other. Old crust is returned to the asthenosphere in what we call a subduction zone.
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What is the subduction zone?
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It is when one plate slides underneath the other and partially melts.
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What are transform boundaries?
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Occur between 2 plates sliding past each other. They result in a long, vertical fault.
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