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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First trimester bleeding
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Pregnancy: normal IUP, Abortion, Ectopic, GTD, subchorionic hemorrhage
Other: polyp, cancer, vaginal ulcers |
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Empty Sac
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Normal IUP (early)
Blighted ovum Ectopic pregnancy (pseudosac) |
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Echogenic central cavity
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Normal pregnancy: decidua (early preg, hemorrhage
Ectopic pregnancy (decidua rxn) Abortion: retained POC |
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Complex intrauterine mass
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Miss AB w placental hydropic degeneration
Fetal demise with retained POC Molar pregnancy Degenerated uterine fibroid Enometrial ca |
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Elevated MSAFP
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Fetal abn: NTD, abdominal wall defects, cystic hygroma, GI obstruction, GI atresia, liver disease, renal disease
Incorrect dates Multiple gestation Fetal demise Low birth weight Placental abn |
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Low MSAFP
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down syndrome
Trisomy 18 incorrect dates |
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Predictors or poor outcome, fetal ultrasound
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Fetal HR not seen with CRL>5mm
MSD>8mm and no yolk sac MSD>16mm and no fetal pole BHCG>1000 and no gest sac BHCG>3600 and no yolk sac HR<90 bpm MSD-CRL<5mm Irregular gestational sac Abnormal yolk sac Absent double decidua sign with MSD> 10mm Empty sac, large sac Large subchorionic bleed <2 mm choriodicdual rxn |
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Second and third trimester
Diffusely enlarged palcenta size |
Hydrops fetalis
Maternal diabetes Maternal anemia Congenital infection (TORCH) Intraplacental hematoma |
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Second and third trimester
Small placenta |
Maternal hypertension
Toxemia Severe diabetes IUGR |
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Abnormal placental echotexture
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Partial mole
Hydropic placenta Hemorrhage or abruption Common but insignificant findings: venous lakes, fibrin, intervillous thrombosis, septal cysts, infarcts |
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Umbilical cord abnormalities
Solitary umbilical artery |
Tisomies 13,18
Structual anomalies |
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Umbilical cord abnormalities
Enlargement of umbilical cord |
edema
hematoma Cysts Mucoid degeneration of Wharton's jelly Other: knots, varices |
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Risk factors for preterm delivery
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Prior preterm delivery
Multiple gestation Uterine anomaly DES exposure Incompetent cervix Large fibroid Polyhydraminos |
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Abnormal lower uterine segment
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Prolapse of cord ( emergency put pt in trendelenberg and call DR)
Incompetent cervix Placenta previa Cerclage Low fibroid |
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Third trimester bleeding
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Placenta previa
Abruptio placentae Cervical lesions Idiopathic |
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Masses during pregnancy
Uterus |
fibroids
Focal myometrial contractions GTD Hemorrhage |
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Masses during pregnancy
Adnexal |
Corpus luteum cyst
Dermoid Theca lutein cysts Other ovarian neoplasms |
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masses during pregnancy
Other |
PID
Other organs: appediceal abscess, diverticulitits |
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Frequently missed lesions on OB US
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NTD
Facial anomalies Head anomalies in near field Heart defects Limb anomalies Difficulties with imaging in oligolydramnios |
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Fetal death
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No heart beat
Absent movement Occasional findings: overlapping skull bones (SPaldings sign), gross distortion of fetal anatoly(maceration), soft tissue edema (skin>5mm) Uncommon findings: thrombus in fetal heart, gas in fetal heart |
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Cystic CNS structures
Fetal head and spine |
Supratentorial: choriod plexus cyst, ventriculomegaly, hydrocephalus, porencephaly, holoporscenphaly, arachnoid cyst, teratoma
Pos fossa: DW complex, arachnoid cyst, mega cisterna magna Midline cysts: cavum septum pellucidum, dorsal cyst on ACC, Vein of Galen AVM |
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Hydrocephalus
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Noncommunicating: NTD: chiari II, meningocele, meningomyelocele, encephalocele, spina bifida
Communicating: hemmorrhage, infection |
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Cystic head and/or neck masses
fetal ultrasound |
cystic hygroma
Encephaocele Hemangioma teratoma Branchial cleft cyst thyroglossal duct cyst Umbilical cord tangled around neck |
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Fetal Ultrasound
Cystic back masses |
NTD
cystic teratoma |
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Hyperechoic brain mass
Fetal ultrasound |
Hemorrhage
Teratoma Lipoma of corpus callosum |
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Fetal ultrasound
Incomplete mineralization of skull |
OI
Achrondrogenesis, type I Hypophosatasia |
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Fetal ultrasound
Skull deformities |
Lemon sign: myelomeningocele, encephaocele
Cloverleaf skull: crainiosynostotosis Thanatophoric dwarfism Other rare skeletal dysplasias |
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Fetal ultrasound
Cyphoscoliosis |
Isolated finding: hemivertebra, butterfly, vertebra
Complex: VACTERL, limb body wall complex, any skeletal dysplasia |
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Fetal Chest
Cystic thoracic masses |
Diaphragmatic hernia
CCAM Cysts: bronchogenic, enteric duplication, pericardial cystic hygroma |
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Fetal Chest
Solid echogenic masses |
Diaphragmatic hernia
CCAM Pulmonary sequestration TUmors (teratoma, rhabdomyoma of heart) |
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Fetal chet
Pleural effusion |
Unilateral: CHD, sequestration, CCAM
Bilateral: fetal hydrops, pulmonary lymphangiectasia Unilateral or bilateral: idiopathic, infection, chromosomal anomalies |
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Fetal abdomen
Abnormal stomach - absent stomach bubble |
Oligohyramnios
Swallowing abn (CNS defect) Esophageal atresia CDH Situs abn Risk of chromsomal abn (+18) |
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Fetal abdomen
Abnormal stomach - double bubble |
Ladd's bands
Annular pancreas Duodenal atresia Stenosis of duodenum |
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Fetal abdomen
Dilated bowel |
Atresia
Stenosis Volculus Meconium ileus Eneteric duplication Hirschsprungs disease Pearls: prox obstruct. a/w polyhydramnios, distal obstruc normal amniotic fluid volume |
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Echogenic bowel content
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Normal variant
cystic fibrosis Down syndrome IUGR CMV infection |
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Abdomen calcification
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Bowel related: meconium peritonitis, meconium ileus, atresia, volvulus
Related to other: Renal, liver (TORCH), neuroblastoma, teratoma, fetal gallstones |
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Hydronephrosis
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UPJ obstruction
UVJ obstruction Duplicated collecting system with obstucted upper pole Bladder outlet obstruction ( PUV, prune belly syndrome) Female and males (caudal regression syndrome, magacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis, uretal agenesis, maternal drugs, ectopic ureterocele |
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Common renal anomalies
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Agenesis
Ectopic kidney Hydronephrois Cystic disease (ARPCKD,MCDK) |
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Cystic abdominal structures
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Hydroenephrosis, bladder outlet obstruction
Fluid filled dilated bowel Ascites Meconium pseudocyst Fetus in fetu Cysts (mesentaric systs, urachal cysts, duplication cysts, ovarian cysts, choledochal cyst) |
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Liver
Hepatic calcification |
Infections: TORCH
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Hepatic cysts
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simple cyst
polycystic disease Choledochalcyst, carolis disease Hamartoma |
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Hepatic masses
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Teratoma
Hepatoblastoma Hemangioma, hemangioendothilioma Hamartoma |
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Spenomegaly
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Rh immune hydrops
Premature rupture of membranes TORCH infection |
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Ascites
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Hydrops
Urine ascites Meconium peritonitis Infection Pseudoascites |
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Anterior wall defects
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Midline: omphalocele, pentaogy of cantrell
lateral: gastroschisis, limb body wall complex, amniotic band syndrome Infraumbilical: bladder or cloacal exstrophy |
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Anomalies in sacral region
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teratoma
meningocele Caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis, sironmelia |
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Fetal extremities
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Fractures:OI, Hypophosphatasia
Polydactyly: familial, +18, +13, meckel gruber syndrome, Jeune's syndrome, short rib polydactyly syndromes |
