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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extraaxial masses adjacent to hemisphere
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Meningioma
Mets Lymphoma Arachnoid cyst Dermoid/epidermoid Other : hemorhhage, infection |
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Extraaxial masses in clivus/prepontine
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Mets
Meningioma Chordoma Chondroma/chondrosarcoma |
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Extraaxial masses in CP angle
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Neuroma
Meningioma Epidermoid Paraganglioma Cholesteroal cyst Aneuryrsm Mets Other:arachnoid cyst, kipoma, dermoid) |
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Intraaxial masses in hemisphere
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Astrocytoma
GBM Oligodendroglioma Lymphoma Mets PNET Ganglioma/cytoma |
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Intraaxial mass in pineal region
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Germ cell tumor
Pineal parenchymal cell tumor |
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Intraaxial mass in cerebellum
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Astrocytoma
Medullobastoma Hemangioblastoma Mets Ependymoma/choroid plexus papilloma or carcinoma |
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Intraaxial mass in brainstem
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Astrocytoma
GBM |
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Intraaxial mass in sella
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Adenoma
Craniopharyngioma/rathke cyst Mets absess sarcoid EG stalk |
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Multiple lesions
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Mets
Lymphoma Multicentric glioma Abscess/fungus/cystercosis/ toxo embolic infarctions multifocal hemorhhage DAI Contusions Cavernous hemangiomas vasculitis |
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Corpus Callosum lesions
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Tumor: astrocytoma, lymphoma, lipoma
Dyemelinating: MS, marchiafava-bignami (alcoholics), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Infarct |
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Intrasellar masses
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Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary apoplexy Craniopharyngioma Cysts (rathke, pars intermedia) Mets Aneurysm Abscess |
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Suprasellar mass
SATCHMOE |
Sellar lesion with extension
Anerysm, arachnoid cyst Teratoid lesion (germ cell, epidermoid, dermoid) Craniopharyngioma Hypothalamic glioma Mets/meningioma EG |
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Suprasellar mass in adults
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Macroadenoma
Meningioma Glioma Craniopharyngioma Aneurysm |
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Suprasellar mass in children
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Craniopharyngioma
Glioma Germinoma Hypothalamic hamartoma EG |
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Posterior fossa tumors
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Location: lateral (astrocytoma), anterior (brainstem glioma), posterior (medullobastoma) 4th vent (ependymoma)
Cystic component: pilocystic astrocytoma, hemangiobastoma Dense on CT: medulloblastoma |
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Posterior fossa tumors in adults
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Mets
Hemangioblastoma Astrocytoma Extraaxial (meningioma, schwannoma, epidermoid) |
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Posterior fossa tumors in children
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cerebellar astrocytoma
Medullobastoma Brainstem glioma Ependymoma |
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Brain tumors in infants < 2 years old
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Teratoma
PNET Choroid plexus papillom/carcinoma Anaplastic astrocytoma |
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Intraventricular tumors in adults
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Gliomas (astrocytoma including giant cell, and subependymoma)
Meningioma Met Cysticercosis |
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Intraventricular tumors in children
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Choroid plexus papilloma
Ependymoma PNET Teratoma Astrocytoma |
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Intraventricular tumor by location
Lateral vent |
0-15 years: PNET, choroid plexus papilloma
15-30 years: Glioma, JPA >30 years: subependymoma, astrocytoma,mets, oligodendroglioma, meningioma, central neurocytoma |
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Intraventricular tumors by location
4th ventricle |
1-15 years: Ependymoma, medulloblastoma
15-30 years: Choroid plexus papilloma >30 years: mets/hemangioblastoma, subependymoma |
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Intraventricular tumors by location
3rd vent |
0-15 years: astrocytoma, EG, germinoma, extrisinc craniopharyngioma
15-30 years: colloid cyst >30 years: Glioma, mets, pituitary or pineal mass, other (aneurysm, sarcoid) |
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CPA mass
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Acoustic neruoma (90%)
Meningioma (10%) Epidermoid (5%) Arachnoid cyst Mets Vertrobasilar dolichoectasia Exophytic glioma (ependymoma through lushka, brainstem astrocytoma) Lipoma |
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Cystic masses
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neoplasm: Cystic astrocytoma/GBM, hamngioblastoma,mets (SCC)
Benign: Dermoid/epidermoid, arachnoid cyst, colloid cyst, cavum variants |
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Tumors with CSF seeding
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Choroid plexus papilloma/carcinoma
Ependymoma PNET (medulloblastoma, pinealblastoma, cerebral neuroblstoma) germinomas GBM |
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Hyperdense lesion (CT)
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Tumor: lymphoma, PNETS, ependymoma, germinoma
Hemorrhagic tumors (GBM, METS) Calcified tumors: mucinous mets, all osteogenic tumors Hemorrhage: Hypertensive, trauma, vascular lesion |
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T2 hypointense lesion (MRI)
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Paramagnetic: ferritin, hemosiderin, deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methmoglobin, melanin
Low spin density: calcification, high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio(lymphoma, myeloma, neuroblastoma), fibrous tissue (meningioma) Other: High protein conc, flow signal void |
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T1 hyperintense
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Paramagnetic: Gad, methemoglobin, melanin, manganese, iron, copper, calcium
Other: fat (dermoid), very high protein (colloid cyst), slow flow |
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Lesions with strong enhancement
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Tumor: Primary brain tumors, mets, lymphoma
Infection/inflammation: Avscess, granuloma, MS, Toxo, cystercercosis, vascular Vascular: resoling hematoma, infarct, thromboses vascular malformation, thrombosed aneurysm, vasculitis |
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Diffuse meningeal enhancement
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Meningititis
carcinomatosis (lymphoma, mets) Post op post shunt SAH Intracranial hypotension (CSF leak) |
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Basilar meningeal enhancement
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Infection: TB, fungal, pyogenic, cystercercosis
Tumor: Lymphomam leukemia, carcinomatosis Inflammatory: sarcoid, rheumatoid pachymeningitis, Whipple's disease |
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Ependymal enhancement
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Tumor: lymphoma, mets, CSF seeding (PNET, GBM)
Infection: Spread of meninigitis, CMV Inflammatory ventriculitis: postshunt insrtumentation, post hemorrhage |
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Basal ganglia signal abn
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T2 dark: old age, chronic degen(ms, parkinsonian), childhood hypoxia
T2 bright: TINT tumor(lymphoma), Ischemia (hypoxic encephalopathy, venous infarction), Neurodegenerative (Huntingtond, WIlson, Hallervorder-Spatc, Mitochondrial, aminoacidopathies), Toxin (CO, CN, H2S, hypoglycemia, methanol) T1 bright: dystrophic calc, hepatic failure, neurofibromatosis, manganese) |
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Basal ganglia calcification
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physiologic/idiopathic
Metabolic: hypoparathyroidism, pseudo /pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism Infection: TORCH, AIDS, TB, Toxo, Cystercosis Toxic/postanoxic: Lead, CO, Radiation and chemotherapy Other: Fahr's, mitochondrial encephalapathies, Cockayne's |
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Posterior Fossa cystic abnor (congenital)
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DW malformation
DW variant Mega cisterna magna Retrocerebellar arachnoid cyst Chiari IV Other: epidermiod, dermoid, cystic tumor |
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Spine-Intramedullary lesions
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Tumor: astrocytoma, ependymoma, hemangioblastoma, mets
Demyelinating disease/myelitis Syringohydromyelia (tumor related, chiari malformation) AVM Trauma |
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Spine- intradural extramedullary
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Nerve sheath tumor (neurofibroma, schwannoma)
Meningioma Drop mets Lipoma Teratomatous lesion Arachnoid cyst Arachnoiditis/meningitis AVM/AVF |
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Spine- Extradural lesions
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Disk
Mets Epidural abscess Hematoma Other: lipomatosis, synovial cyst |
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Syringomyelia
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Cavity in spinal cord, may or may not communicate with central canal
Cannot diffentiate from hydroomyelia |
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Hydromelia
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Dilatation of the central canal
Cannot diffentiate from syringomyelia |
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Cystic spinal cord lesions
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Primary: chiari, spinal dysraphism, DW, diastematomyelia
Acquired: Tumor(astrocytoma, ependymoma), Inflammatory (arachnoiditis, meningitis, SAH), trauma (spinal cord injury, vascular insult |
