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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renal Mass lesions
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Tumor
Infection: lobar nephronia, abscess, XGP Congenital: Duplicated collecting system, pseudotumor (feta lobulation, dromedary hump, column of bertin, suprahilar bump, lobar dysmporphism Trauma: hematoma |
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Solid Renal Neoplasms
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RCC
Wilms Oncocytoma Adenoma Angiomyolipoma TCC Mets Lymphoma |
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Cystic Renal Masses
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Tumors: cystic/necrotic RCC, mulitilocular RCC, cystic Wilms
True cysts: cortical cysts, medullary cystic disease, adult polycystic kidney disease, endstage renal failure, infectious cysts Other: hydronephrosis/duplicated system, renal artery aneurysm, abscess |
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Hyperechoic renal mass
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Angiomyolipoma
RCC Milk of calcium cyst Nephritis: XGP, emphysematous pyelonephritis, focal nephritis, candiasis Hematoma Infarction Lesion that mimic: Renal sinus fat, duplicated collecting system |
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Renal sinus mass
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Tumor: TCC, RCC, lymphoma, bellini duct carcinoma
Other: Renal artery aneurysm, renal sinus hemrrhage, complicated parapelvic cyst |
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Wedge shaped renal lesions
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Renal mets
Infarction Lobar nephritis |
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Diffusely Hyperechoic kidneys
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Inflammation: glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, AIDS-related nephropathy, interstitial nephritis (SLE)
ATN Hemolytic uremic syndrome Multiple myeloma Endstage renal disease Medullary of corticl nephorcalcinosis Infantille polycystic kidney disease |
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Renal calcifications
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Tumor: cysts, RCC
Infection: TB Metastatic: medullary nephrocalcinosis, cortical nephrocalcinosis Collecting system: Calculi |
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Fat in kidney
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Angiomyolipoma
Lipoma Replacement lipomatosis |
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Hyperechoic perirenal fat
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Normal variant
Perirenal hemorrhage Cyst rupture SLE Polyarteritis nodosa |
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Filling defect in collecting system
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Tumor: TCC, papilloma, leukoplakia, malacoplakia
Mobile defect: blood clot, sloughed papilla, calculus, fungus ball Other: vascular impression, collateral vessels, artificial overlying bowel gas shawdows mimicking defect |
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Papillary necrosis
POST CARD |
Pyelnephritis
Obstruction Sickle cell TB Cirrhosis, ethanol Analgesics:phenacetin Renal vein thrombosis Diabetes |
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Persistant Neprogram
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Prerenal: renal artery stenosis, hypotension
Renal: Acute glomerulonephritis, ATN, acute cortical necrosis, Tubular precipitation (uric acid, hemolysis, myeloma), acute interstitial nephritis (antibiotics), papillary necrosis, renal vein thrombosis Post renal causes: obstruction (stone, stricture) |
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Extracalcyceal contrast agent
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Striations: medullary sponge kidney, early papillary necrosis, pyelosinus or pyelovenous backflow in obstruction, interstitial edema
Focal collections: late papillary necrosis, calyceal diverticulum, cavity form cyst rupture, abscess |
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Dilated calyces/ collecting system
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Obstruction
Papillary necrosis Congenital megacalyces Calyceal diverticulum Reflux |
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Bilaterally enlarged kidneys
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Tumor: APCKD, malignancy( leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma)
Inflammation: glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, CVD, ATN Metabolic: amyloid, diabetes, storage disease, acromegaly Vascular: bilateral renal vein thrombosis |
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Bilaterally small kidneys
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Chronic inflammation: pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis
Bilateral renal artery stenosis Reflux |
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Hypercalcemia
PAM SCHMIDT |
Parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia
Addision disease Milk alkali Sarcoid Carcinomatosis Hyperpara thyroidism, secondary Myeloma Immobilization D vitamin Thiazides |
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Renal vein thrombosis
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Tumor: RCC, lymphoma, tcc, wilms, adrenal tumors, gonadal tumors, pancreatic tumors, extraluminal compresseion by retroperitoneal tumor
Renal disease: Membranous glomerulonephritis, SLE, Amydoidosis Other: hypercoaguable state, extension of ovarian vein/IVC thrombosis, trauma, surgery, transplant rejection |
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Dilated ureter (>8mm)
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Obstruction: functional primary megaureter, mechanical stenosis( stricture, bladder outlet obstruction, urethal stricture
reflux Other: diuresis |
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Ureteral stricture
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Tumor: TCC, met, lymphadenapathy
Inflammatory: TB (corkscrew), schistsomiasis, pelvic disease (crohns, PID) Congenital: ectopic ureterocele, primary megaureter, congenital stenosis Metabolic/drugs: morphine, methysergide (retroperitoneal fibrosis) Vascular: aortic, iliac artery aneurysm, ovarian vein syndrome, lymphocele |
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Multiple ureteral filling defects
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Wall: ureteritis cystica, allergic mucosal bullae, pseudodiverticulosis, vascular impressions, multiple papillomas, melanoma mets, suburothelial hemorrhage
Luminal: calculi, blood clot, sloughed papilla, fungus ball, air bubbles |
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Ureteral diverticula
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Congenital
Ureteritis cystica TB (also strictures) |
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Deviated ureters
Lateral deviation |
Bulky retroperitoneal adenopathy
Primary retroperitoneal tumor Aortic aneurysm Retroperitoneal fluid collection Malrotated kidney ovarian, uterine mass |
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Deviated ureters
Medial deviation |
Posterior bladder diverticulum
Uterine fibroids Retroperitoneal fibrosis ( aortic aneurysm and leak, Methysergide, idiopathic, malignancy Post operative Enlarged prostate (j shaped ureter) Retrocaval ureter on R |
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Bladder wall thickening
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Tumor: TCC lymphoma
Inflammation: radiation cystitis, infectious cystitis, IBD, appendicitis, focal diverticulitis Outlet obstruction: BPH, uretheral stricture Neurogenic |
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Bladder filling defect
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Tumor: TCC, SCC, mets, endometriosis, polyps
Infection: PID, schistosomiasis, Leukoplakia, malacoplakia, cystitis cystica, cystitis glandlularis Luminal: calculi, blood clot, foerign body, BPH |
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Bladder neoplasm
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primary: TCC, SCC, adenocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma, rare (rhabdo, leio, lymphoma)
Seconday: Hematogenous mets (melanoma>stomach>breast), Lymphoma |
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Bladder calculi
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Chronic bacterial infection
Chronic bladder catheterization Bladder outlet obstruction Schistosomiasis Renal calculi (usually pass through urethra) |
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Bladder wall calcification
SCRITT |
schistosomiasis
Cytotoxan Radiation Interstitial cystitis TB TCC |
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Air in Bladder
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Instrumentation, catheter
Bladder fistula: diverticulitis, crohn's, colon carcinoma Emphysematous cystitis in pts with diabetes |
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Teardrop shaped bladder
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Physiological:normal variant, iliopsoas hypertrophy
Fluid: hematoma (pelvic fx), abscess Masses: Pelvic lymphoma, pelvic lipomatosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis |
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"female prostate"
Bladder defect at base in female pts |
urethral diverticulum
Urethral tumor Periurethritis Pubic bone lesion |
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Adrenal masses
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Tumor: adenoma, mets, pheochromcytoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma (pedi), myelolipoma, lipoma, simple cyst, pseudocyst
Other: hemorrhage, TB Wolmans disease |
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Bilateral adrenal masses
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Mets
Lymphoma Bilateral pheo (MEN II, VHL, Neurofibromatosis) Granulomatous: TB, histo |
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Adrenal Calcifications
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Tumor: neuroblastoma, pheo
Infection: TB, histo, Waterhouse-Friederichson syndrome Trauma: Hemorrhage Congenital: Wolman's disease |
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Adrenal pseudotumors
Soft tissue density in the location of adrenal glands |
Gastric fundus
Accessory spleen Reroperitoneal varices Liver mass GB mass Renal mass |
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Solid testicular masses
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1: germinal (95%), nongerminal (5%)
Mets Infection: orchitis, abscess, granuloma Trauma: fracture, rupture, hemorrhage, torsion Other: atrophy, dilated rete testes |
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Extratesticular abnormalities
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Epiddidymitis, diffuse or focal
Spermatocele, epidydimal cyst Hydrocele, hematocele, varicocele Tunical or mesothelial cyst Paratesticular hemorrhage, abscess Hernia Neoplasm: adenomatoid tumor, fibroma, leiomyoma, mesothelioma, sarcoma |
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Prostate
Cystic lesion |
Utricle cyst
Cowper's duct cyst Ejactulatory cyst Prostatic retention cyst Seminal vesicle cyst Vas deferens cyst Mullerian duct cyst |
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Thick hyperechoic endometrial stripe
>5mm in postmenopausal >14 in premenopausal |
Pregnancy related: normal early pregnancy, ectopic, incomplete abortion, molar pregnancy
Postmenopausal: hyperplasia, tamoxifen/estrogen replacement, polyps, endometrial cancer |
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Hypoechoic structures in endometrium
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Molar pregnancy
Retained placenta/abortus Degenerated placenta Degenerated fibroid Cystic glandular tissue Endometrial polyps Endometrial CA |
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Fluid in uterine cavity
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Acquired: cervical stenosis (cervical ca, endometrial ca, endometritis, PID, radiation
Pregnancy related: early IUP, pseudogestational sac, blighted ovum Congenital: imperforate hymen, vaginal septum, vaginal atresia, rudimentary uterine horn |
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Uterine enlargement or distortion
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Fibroids
Adenomyosis Less common: congenital uterine anomalies, PID, surgery, endometriosis, malignant tumors |
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Uterine bleeding
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Endometrial hyperplasia or polyp
Endometrial ca Estrogen withdral Adenomyosis Submucosal fibroid Cervical cancer |
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Small uterus
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Hypoplasia
Nulliparity Synechiae DES exposure |
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Large uterus
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Multiparity
pregnancy Molar pregnancy Neoplasm |
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Uterine and vaginal cystic masses
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Nabothian cyst
Gartner's duct cyst Bartholin cyst Hydrometrocolpos |
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Shadowing structures in endometrial cavity on US
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IUD
Calcifications: fibroids, TB Pyometra (gas) |
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Cystic masses of the ovaries
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Normal follicle
Corpus luteum cyst Polycystic ovary, hyperstimulation syndrome Theca lutein cyst (high bHCG levels) Hemorrhageic cyst Endometrioma Ectopic pregnancy Cystadencarcinoma TOA Hydrosalpinx Paraovarian cyst Fluid in culdesac Pelvic varices Lymphocele Bowel Pelvic abscess |
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Complex pelvic mass
The big 5 Ovarian, paraovarian |
Ectopic pregnancy
TOA Endometrioma/hemorrhagic cyst Ovarian torsion Tumor: dermoid, adenocarcinoma |
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Complex pelvic mass
tubal, uterine, other |
Tubal: pyosalpinx
Uterine: pedunculated fibroid, extruded IUD, endometrial ca, cervical ca Other: Pelvic abscess, appendicitis, diverticulitis, hematoma, pelvic kidney, Iliac aneurysm |
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Masses in the pelvis with homogenous low level echoes
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TOA
Endometrioma Hemorrhagic cyst |
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Solid ovarian mass lesions
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Benign tumor: fibroma, thecoma, endometrioma, germ cell tumor
Malignant: Mets Mimics: pedunculated fibroid, lymphadenpathy |
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Dilated tubes
hydro/pyo/hematosalpinx |
Infection
Tumor: endometrial or tubal ca Endometriosis Iatrogenic ligation |
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Tubal filling defect on HSG
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Polyp
Neoplasm Silicone implant Tubal pregnancy Air bubble from injection |
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Tubal irregularity
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SIN
Tubal diverticula Endometriosis Post op changes TB |
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Pseudokidney sign
Elliptical structure in pelvis or abdomen with and echogenic center resembling kidney on US |
Inflammatory bowel disease (crohns, infectious colitis)
Tumor Intussusception Always exclude pelvic kidney |
