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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acyanotic heart dz w/ increased pulmonary vascularity
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LA enlargement: VSD, PDA
Normal LA: ASD, ECD, PAPVC and sinus venosus ASD |
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Acyanotic heart DZ with normal pulmonary vascularity
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Aortic stenosis
Coarctation Pulmonic stenosis |
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Cyanotic heart dz with normal or decreased pulmonary vascularity
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Normal heart sz: TOF, Fallot variants
Cardiomegaly: Ebsteins, tricuspid atresia, pulmonic atresia |
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Increase pulmonary vascularity
Think 5 "t's" |
TGA
TA TAPVC Tricuspid atresia Tingle ventricle |
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Pulmonary edema in newborns
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Cardiac: hypoplastic RV or LV (big heart, TAPVC below diaphragm (nl heart)
TTN Pulmonary lymphangiectasia Cor triatriatum Supra valvular mitral ring Parachute mitral ring |
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Massive cardiomegaly in newborn
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Box shaped heart: Ebstein, Uhl's disease (focal or total abscence of RV myocardium), tricuspid atresia
Herniation of liver into pericardial sac Massive pericardial effusion |
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Boot shaped heart
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TOF
Adults: loculated effusion, cardiac aneurysm, pericardial cyst |
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CHD with normal heart and lungs
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Coarctation
TOF |
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Skeletal abn and heart dz
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Rib notching: coarctation
Hypersegmented manubrium, 11 ribs: Downs Pectus excavatum: prolapse MV, Marfan's Multiple sternal ossification centers: cyanotic CHD Bulging sternum: Large L-R shunt Scoliosis: Marfan, TOF |
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Inferior rib notching
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Aortic obstruction: coarctation, IAA
Subclavian obstruction: Blalock-Taussig shunt (upper 2 ribs), takayaysu's disease (unilateral Severly reduced pulmonary flow: TOF, pulmonary atresia, ebstien anomaly SVC obstruction Vascular shunts: AVM of intercostals Intercostal neuroma Osseous abn (hyperparathyroidism) |
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Superior rib notching
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Abn osteoclstic activity: hyperparathyroidism, idiopathic
abn osteoblastic activity: poliomyelitis, CVD, Local pressure, OI, Marfan |
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DDX of CHD by age of presentation
0-2 days: 7-14 days: Infants: Adults |
0-2 days: hypoplastic left heart, aortic atresia, TAPVC, 5 "t's"
7-14 days: coarctation, aortic stenosis, AVM, endocardial fibroelastosis Infants: VSD, PDA Adults: ASD |
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Right aortic arch associations
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TA (35%)
TOF (30%) TGA (5%) Tricuspid atresia (5%) Pulmonary atresia with VSD (20%) DORV psuedotruncus asplenia pink tetralogy |
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Abnormal left heart contour
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Pressure overload: aortic or mitral stenosis, systemic hypertension, coarctation
Volume overload: mitral or aortic regurg, ASD, VSD, high output states Wall abn: aneurysm (infarct), cardiomyopathy |
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Abnormal right heart contour
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Pressure overload: PA hypertension, pulmonic stenosis
Volume overload: Pulmonic or tricuspid regurg, ASD, VSD, high output states Wall abn: aneuryms (infarct), cardiomyopathy, Uhl's anomaly |
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Small heart
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Normal variant
Addsion's disease Anorexia nervosa/bulemia Dehydration Severe COPD |
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Cardiac mass
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Thrombus
Infectious vegitation Neoplasm: mets, atrial myxoma, rhabdomyoma, pericardial cyst, angiosarcoma |
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Pericardial effusion
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Transudate: CHF, AMI, postsurgical, autoimmun, renal failure
Infectious: viral Tumor: pericardial mets |
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High cardiac output states
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Severe anemia
Peripheral AVM Thyrotoxicosis Pregnancy |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Pericardial |
Pericarditis: TB, uremia, AIDS, coxsackie, pyogenic
Pericardial cyst: AMI |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
myocardial |
Coronary arteries
Calcified infarct Aneurysm Postmyocarditis |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
intracardiac |
Calcified valves: indicates stenosis
Calcified thrombus Tumors: atrial myxoma |
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Cardiovascular calcifications
Aorta |
Atherosclerosis
Syphilitic aortitis aneurysm |
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Pneumopericardium
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Iatrogenic (aspiration, puncture)
Cardiac surgery Barotrauma Fistula from bronchogenic or esophageal CA |
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Coronary aneurysm
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Atherosclerosis
Congenital Periarteritis nodosa Kawaski disease Mycotic Syphilis Trauma |
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Pulmonary artery enlargement
PAH: PA stenosis: PA dilatation: Aneurysm cystic medial necrosis: |
PAH: Priemary of secondary
PA stenosis: Williams syndrome, rubella syndrome, Takayasu's, CHD (esp TOF) PA dilatation: Poststenotic jet, AVM (OWR) Aneurysm cystic medial necrosis: Behcet's, Takayasu's |
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Pulmonary artery hypertension
Psys>30mm Hg |
Precapillary: Vascular( L-R shunt, chronic PE, vasculitis, drugs, idiopathic), Pumonary ( Emphysema, Interstial fibrosis, fibrothorax, chest wall deformities, alveolar hypoventilation)
Post-capillary: Cardiac (LV failure, mitral stenosis, LA myxoma), Pulmonary venous (Idiopathic venooccussive disease, thrombosis, tumor) |
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Pulmonary venous hypertension
Pwedge>12mm hg |
LV dysfunction: ischemic heart dz, valvular heart dz, CHD, cardiomyopathy
Left atrium: cor triatriatum, LA myxoma |
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Eisenmenger's physiology - Chronic L-R shunts causes high pulmonary vascular resistance, which ultimately reverses the shunt.
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VSD
ASD PDA ECD |
