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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did Aristotle divide animals?
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Those with blood (i.e., whales, dogs, cats, etc.) vs. those without blood (sponges, mollusks, zoophytes, insects, etc).
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Who wrote "System of Nature" and when?
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Carl von Linne (Linneaus) in 1750s.
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True or False? Linne created concentric non-overlapping sets?
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True
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What were the 5 classifications Linne used?
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Kingdom, Phylum Class, Ordo (order), Genus -era.
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When did Linne move whales from class Pisces to class Mammalia?
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1756. They were with skin because they both had smooth skin, no feet.
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Who came up with the Principle of Plentitude and what does it mean?
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Plato. In order for the world to be complete it must contain all living things, from rocks to God.
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Why not classify on the basis of descent?
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Because very often these are not relevant biologically. EG: Whales closest relative are even-toed hoofed mammals.Cetcordiodactyla
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Which system groups animals together on the basis or shared derived characteristics?
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Phylogenetic Systematics (cladistics)
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Which system basis classification on shared resemblances?
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Numerical Taxonomy (Phenetics}
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Why does the fact that both lizards and alligators share scaled skin not useful?
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Because this is a primitive trait. Need to look at derived traits.
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Define cladogram
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Branching tree diagram with reference to time dimension.
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Proximal
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Towards body
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Distal
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Away from body
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For the following state the convergent resemblance:
dogs and humans octopi and humans wolves and tylacines |
1. eyebrows.
2. the eye 3. carnassials |
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When was the eye of the octopus and human perfected?
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Cambrian
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List some anthropoid synapomorphies
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reduced interorbital distance, reduced sense of smell/ethmoturbinals, foveate retina, big brains, small faces; reduced immobile external pinnae; no rhinarium; elaborate occipital cortex;
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Synapomorphies of primates
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- big brains
- post orbital bar - elaborate visual centres in brain - non-fixed fields of vision |
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Petrosal Bulla
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Bony box around middle ear. floor of ear in primates. Made from petrosal bone in primates.
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Hemochorial Placenta
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interface of blood stream between mother and fetus; Blood lakes when placenta detaches; high blood loss. primitive trait
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Epitheliocorial placenta
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In prosimians. Corion comes into contact with epithelion in uterus. Derived trait.
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