Primary Myocardial Disease

Front 1

Define Cardiomyopathy

Back 1

intrinsic myocardial disease
Dilated: biventricular dilatation
Hypertrophic: LVH, often RVH, hypercontractile heart
Restrictive/Obliterative: nifiltration of myocardium reduces LV compliance due to normal sized but rigid wall

Front 2

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Back 2

hypocontractile heart with poor systolic function
LV size up, LV fill pressure up, daistolic compliance down, stroke volume down, ejec frac down, CO down
S4 gallop

Front 3

causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 3

primary: genetic (dystrophin, transcription factors for myocyte genes, AD, X linked, mitochondrial)
secondary: drugs and toxins, chemo, pregnancy, metabolic dis (hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, thiamine def

Front 4

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 4

LVH, RVH, hypercontractile heart
Diast Compliance down, stroke volume up, ejection fraction up,

Front 5

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy changes

Back 5

asymmetrical: basal portion of v septum, can have LV outflow obstruction
symmetrical: no outflow obstruction,
both have disarray of cardiac mycytes with whorling and side to side branching

Front 6

etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 6

beta cardiac myosin HC gene
sarclemmic disorder
failure of force generation results in hypertrophy

Front 7

outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 7

DOE, palpitations, S4 gallop, CHF, 5 yr 25%,
need transplant

Front 8

outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Back 8

palpitations, chest pain, DOE, syncope, sudden death, carotid upstroke strong, S4 100%,
treat with beta blocker or ca channel inhibitors

Front 9

Which cardiomyopathy is associate with amyloidosis

Back 9

restrictive

Front 10

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with?

Back 10

amyloidosis

Front 11

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Back 11

infiltration of myocardium reduces LV compliance, rigid wall
LV filling pressure up, diastolic compliance down, SV down, EF down, CO down

Front 12

Etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Back 12

amyoloidosis localized (senile associated with old people) or systemic
conge red stain
granulomatous disease, sarcoid,
glycogen storage dis
iron dep

Front 13

outcomes of restrictve cardiomyopathy

Back 13

CHF, RHF, cardiomegaly, arrythmieas
10% 10yrs

Front 14

obliterative cardiomyopathy

Back 14

subtype of restrictive reduecs v volume and decreases complaince
endomyocardial fibrosis
endocardial fibroelastosis
disappeareance of myocardial cells, fibrafatty replacement and parchment like thinning of myocardium, aneurysm, LBB, sudden death

Front 15

what does heart look like with myocarditis

Back 15

inflammation of myocardium, primary infections, secondary systemic inflammatory (autoI or allergy),
heart enlarged with mild ventricular dilatation, microscopic focal myocyte necrsosis, severe inflammation
viral: lymphocytes, edema
bact/parasite: PMN, microabcess
Auto: Eosinophil, no necrosisi

Front 16

what is most common cause of myocarditis

Back 16

infectios agents most common, most documented are viral
coxsackie, polio,
coryne, borrelia,
rickettsial

sometimes immunologic, post strep, SLE

Front 17

why is tamponode lethal?

Back 17

often lethal complication of hemopericardium, sudden increase in pericardial pressure which itnerferes with function
acute 200-250 cc, usually in association with ruptured myocardial wall or avulsion of a great vessel
diastolic filling ventricular volume and CO DOWN DOWN DOWN

Front 18

is location of cardiac myxoma clinically important

Back 18

90% atrial, L:R 4:1, friable, mucoid tumors, benign but may frafment and embolize

Front 19

clear yellow fluid in pericardium

Back 19

serious pericardial effusion

Front 20

srous fluid tinged with blood in pericardium

Back 20

serosanguineous efffusion

Front 21

lymphatic fluid in pericardial sac

Back 21

chylous effusion

Front 22

pure blood in pericardial sac

Back 22

hempericardium

Front 23

most common type of acute pericarditis

Back 23

fibrinous

Front 24

pericardial inflammation with effusion can rsult in formation of

Back 24

adhesion and scarring

Front 25

primary pericarditis is caused usually by

Back 25

virus

Front 26

most paricarditis is secondary and associated with

Back 26

diseases elsewhere

Front 27

serous pericarditis causes by

Back 27

uremia, autoimmune disease, or unkown
rarely clinically significant

Front 28

bread and butter pericarditis

Back 28

fibrionous

Front 29

pus-laden transudate in pericardial space

Back 29

suppurative pericarditis

Front 30

hemorrhagic pericarditis caused by

Back 30

transudative effusion, tumor, TB

Front 31

caseous necrosis

Back 31

caused by TB unles proven otherwise

Front 32

most frequent cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis

Back 32

TB with caseous necrosis in pericardial sac

Front 33

obliteration of pericardial sac, causing increased workload

Back 33

chronic pericarditis of adhesive mediastino/pericarditis type

Front 34

small quiet hear with reduced output and pule pressure

Back 34

constrictive pericarditis
dense fibrosis of pericardium, fibrocalcific scar

Front 35

secondary heart tumors order of occurence

Back 35

metastatic lung, breast, mal mel, lymphoma/leukemia

Front 36

most common type of cardiac tumor

Back 36

myxoma

Front 37

myxomas are found where

Back 37

90% atrial