Prevertebral Region

Front 1

What do vertebral aa. pass through to get to the skull?

Back 1

transverse foramina of the superior 6 cervical vertebrae

Front 2

vertebral a. a branch of?

Back 2

1st part of subclavian a.

Front 3

vertebral aa. pierce what membrane to enter calvarium?

Back 3

atlanto-occipital membrane

Front 4

left and right vertebral a. converge to form what a.?

Back 4

basilar a.

Front 5

interconnecting ligaments of cervical vertebrae?

Back 5

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, ligament flavum, supraspinous ligament

Front 6

which ligament runs to cranium?

Back 6

anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 7

Which ligament runs posteriorly to the vertebral bodies?

Back 7

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 8

tectorial membrane is an extension of this ligament to the clivus of the occipital bone

Back 8

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 9

ligament between lamina of vertebrae

Back 9

ligamentum flavum

Front 10

extension of the supraspinous ligament from spinous process of C7 to external occipital protuberance?

Back 10

ligamentum nuchae

Front 11

ligaments associated w/ the dens of C2?

Back 11

apical, alar, cruciform

Front 12

Which ligament of the dens crosses from the sides?

Back 12

cruciform ligament

Front 13

Which ligament of the dens runs along the sides?

Back 13

alar ligament

Front 14

Which ligament of the dens is beneath the cruciform ligament?

Back 14

apical ligament

Front 15

most medial anterior cervical mm.?

Back 15

longus colli mm.

Front 16

anterior cervical mm. that run from C1 to T3 w/ attachments between vertebral bodies and transverse processes?

Back 16

longus colli mm.

Front 17

Action: longus colli mm.

Back 17

flex and rotate neck

Front 18

more lateral anterior cervical mm.?

Back 18

longus capitis mm.

Front 19

anterior cervical mm. that run from C3 to C6 w/ attachments from transverse processes to occiput?

Back 19

longus capitis mm.

Front 20

Action: longus capitis mm.

Back 20

flex and slightly rotate head

Front 21

mm. associated w/ styloid process?

Back 21

stylohyoid, styloglossus, stylopharyngeus mm.

Front 22

ligaments associated w/ styloid process?

Back 22

stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments

Front 23

motor n. innervation to stylohyoid m.?

Back 23

Facial CN VII

Front 24

motor n. innervation to styloglossus m.?

Back 24

Hypoglossal CN XII

Front 25

motor n. innervation to stylopharyngeus m.?

Back 25

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 26

Action: mm. associated w/ styloid process?

Back 26

assist in speaking and swallowing

Front 27

location of preganglionic cell bodies for cervical sympathetic chain?

Back 27

IMLCC of thoracolumbar region

Front 28

pathway of preganglionic S fibers of the cervical sympathetic chain?

Back 28

spinal nerve to white rami and then ascend into the neck to synapse in a cervical ganglia

Front 29

pathway of postganglionic S fibers of the cervical sympathetic chain?

Back 29

grey rami to target organs via aa. or spinal nn.

Front 30

location of sympathetic chain?

Back 30

medial to Vagus CN X and deep to carotid sheath

Front 31

location of superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 31

top of sympathetic chain

Front 32

sympathetic ganglia making up superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 32

C1-C4

Front 33

type of cell bodies located in superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 33

postganglionic S cell bodies

Front 34

major branches of postganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 34

external and internal carotid nn., superior cardiac n. (to carotid plexus), nn. to carotid body and sinus

Front 35

location of middle cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 35

transverse process of C6

Front 36

sympathetic ganglia making up middle cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 36

C5 and C6

Front 37

middle cervical ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain communicate to form what?

Back 37

ansa subclavia

Front 38

major branch of middle inferior ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 38

middle cardiac n. (to cardiac plexus)

Front 39

location of inferior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 39

near 1st rib

Front 40

sympathetic ganglia making up inferior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 40

C7 and C8

Front 41

ganglion containing C7, C8, and T1 sympathetic ganglia

Back 41

stellate ganglion

Front 42

major branch of inferior cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain?

Back 42

inferior cardiac n. (to cardiac plexus)

Front 43

origin of cell bodies for Glossopharyngeal CN IX?

Back 43

postolivary sulcus

Front 44

location that Glossopharyngeal CN IX leaves cranial cavity?

Back 44

jugular foramen

Front 45

Innervation: stylopharyngeus m.

Back 45

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 46

Action: stylopharyngeus m.

Back 46

elevates larynx and shortens pharynx

Front 47

Which n. sends autonomic PS fibers to parotid gland?

Back 47

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 48

Where are Glossopharyngeal CN IX sensory fibers distributed?

Back 48

posterior 1/3 of tongue and the pharynx

Front 49

Which n. carries sensory information and taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue to the brain?

Back 49

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 50

Which n. makes us the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

Back 50

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 51

Which n. carries afferent sensory fibers from the carotid sinus and tympanic membrane to the brain?

Back 51

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

Front 52

pathway of efferent preganglionic PS fibers to innervate parotid gland?

Back 52

Glossopharyngeal CN IX to lesser petrosal n.

Front 53

location of postganglionic cell bodies of efferent PS innervation of parotid gland?

Back 53

otic ganglion

Front 54

pathway of efferent postganglionic PS fibers to innervate parotid gland?

Back 54

auriculotemporal n.

Front 55

location that Vagus CN X exits cranial cavity?

Back 55

jugular foramen

Front 56

location of Vagus CN X in neck region?

Back 56

carotid sheath

Front 57

pathway of right Vagus CN X through thoracic cavity?

Back 57

descends anteriorly over 1st part of subclavian a. and posterior to brachiocephalic v.

Front 58

pathway of left Vagus CN X through thoracic cavity?

Back 58

descends between common carotid a. and subclavian a.

Front 59

branches of Vagus CN X in neck region?

Back 59

pharyngeal, superior layrngeal, communicating branch to carotid body, superior and inferior cardiac branches

Front 60

Innervation: all intrinsic mm. of larynx except cricothyroid m.

Back 60

recurrent laryngeal nn.

Front 61

Which recurrent laryngeal n. loops under subclavian a. then ascends?

Back 61

right

Front 62

Which recurrent laryngeal n. loops under aortic arch then ascends?

Back 62

left

Front 63

Which n. sends afferent sensory innervation to larynx, external ear, external auditory meatus and taste around palate (special sensory)?

Back 63

Vagus CN X

Front 64

Which n. sends motor innervation to larynx, pharynx, and palate (except stylopharyngeus m. and tensor veli palatine m.)?

Back 64

Vagus CN X

Front 65

Which n. is the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

Back 65

Vagus CN X

Front 66

target of preganglionic PS fibers of Vagus CN X?

Back 66

lungs, heart (superior and inferior cardiac branches), and GI tract to splenic flexure

Front 67

location of cell bodies for motor part of Vagus CN X?

Back 67

postolivary sulcus

Front 68

motor and sensory innervation of Vagus CN X runs through which three of its branches?

Back 68

superior laryngeal n., recurrent laryngeal nn., pharyngeal n.

Front 69

Where does spinal portion of Spinal Accessory CN XI originate?

Back 69

C1-C5

Front 70

How does Spinal Accessory CN XI enter the cranial cavity?

Back 70

foramen magnum

Front 71

How does Spinal Accessory CN XI leave the cranial cavity?

Back 71

jugular foramen

Front 72

Which mm. does Spinal Accessory CN XI innervate?

Back 72

SCM m. and trapezius m.

Front 73

In cranial portion, fibers of Spinal Accessory CN XI are joined w/ fibers of what n.?

Back 73

Vagus CN X

Front 74

origin of Hypoglossal CN XII cell bodies?

Back 74

postolivary sulcus

Front 75

How does Hypoglossal CN XII leave cranial cavity?

Back 75

hypoglossal canal

Front 76

Hypoglossal CN XII travels through which cervical triangles of the neck to innervate mm. of the tongue?

Back 76

carotid and digastric (submandibular) triangles

Front 77

Hypoglossal CN XII travels along w/ fibers of which n. for a short distance in the neck?

Back 77

C1

Front 78

Hypoglossal CN XII forms what part of the ansa cervicalis in the neck?

Back 78

descends hypoglossus (superior root)

Front 79

Innervation: intrinsic and extrinsic mm. of tongue

Back 79

Hypoglossal CN XII

Front 80

condition caused by interruption of sympathetic chain

Back 80

Horner's syndroms

Front 81

condition that may result from vascular disease or from a tumor that damages the n. pathways in the chest or neck regions (pancoast tumor)

Back 81

Horner's syndrome

Front 82

droopy eyelid

Back 82

ptosis

Front 83

constriction of pupil

Back 83

miosis

Front 84

flushing of face, no sweating

Back 84

anhydrosis

Front 85

symptoms of Horner's syndrome?

Back 85

anhydrosis, miosis, ptosis

Front 86

vasospastic disorder where spasms in small aa. can decrease blood flow to fingers and toes and lead to hypothermia, cyanosis, and eventually necrosis of the digits

Back 86

Raynaud's syndrome

Front 87

This procedure allows blood vessels to dilate and increase blood flow in Raynaud's syndrome

Back 87

sympathectomy

Front 88

Who often has referred ear pain manifested as a cough or vomiting?

Back 88

children w/ ear infections

Front 89

What causes the referred manifestations of cough or vomiting when a child has an ear infection?

Back 89

branches of Vagus CN X to the external ear