Preventive Dentistry

Front 1

Purpose of head and neck examination?

Back 1

Detect abnormalities of systemic disease or magignant or benign lesions. 20% of head and neck cancers occur in oral cavity (tongue ventrolateral, floor of mouth, soft palate/tonsillar pillars, behind mandibular molars.

Front 2

Describe the various techniques involved in performtion a thorough head and neck examination?

Back 2

Palpation (digital is one finger, bi is two; manual is one hand, bi is two)
Ausculatation, diascopy, probing, percussion

Front 3

Structures of the neck
Anterior cervical?

Back 3

lymph nodes, carotid arteries, thyroid glands, trachea muscles

Front 4

Structures of the neck
posterior neck?

Back 4

posterior cervical lymph nodes, trapezius muscle

Front 5

Structures of the neck
suboccipital regions?
submandibular?

Back 5

1.suboccipital lymph nodes, trapezius lymph nodes
2.submandibular

Front 6

Structures of the neck
submental?
buccal?

Back 6

1. submental lymph nodes, sublingual glands
2. massester muscle, parotid glands

Front 7

structures of the neck
preauricular regions?

Back 7

TMJ, Preauricular lymph nodes

Front 8

Variations of normal
mandibular tori

Back 8

lobular bony hard enlargements on the lingual of the mandible

Front 9

Variations of normal
palatal torus

Back 9

lobular bony hard enlargement on the midline of the hard palate

Front 10

exostoses

Back 10

lobular bony hard enlargement on the buccal surfaces of the posterior mandible and maxilla

Front 11

extopic sebaceous glands

Back 11

small yellow to peach colored papules most common on the buccal and labial mucosa

Front 12

linear alba

Back 12

elevated white line along the occlusal plane on the buccal mucosa

Front 13

leukodema

Back 13

grey-white, opaque or milky surface that can be smooth or sightly wrinkled. diffuse and symmetrically distributed on the buccal mucosa

Front 14

physiological pigmentation

Back 14

extent of oral pigmentation is usually related to the extend of skin pigmentation, most apparent on the gingival and labial mucosa

Front 15

erythema migrans (benign migratory glossitis, geographic tongue)

Back 15

multiple red patches surrounded by a thickened white border, will resolve in one area and appear in other areas, usually asymptomatic

Front 16

fissured tongue

Back 16

typicall a central groove with multiple smaller grooves branching off, may occur in combination with migratory glossitis

Front 17

hyperplastic lingual tonsils

Back 17

increased in size of lingual tonsils that are often a response to an infectious stimulus

Front 18

varicosities

Back 18

dilated veins or venules that are blue or purple, compressible and branch with pressure. They are most common on ventral tongue, floor of mouth, lips, and buccal mucosa

Front 19

plaque

Back 19

flat, slightly elevated lesion

Front 20

macule

Back 20

flat area of color change

Front 21

papule

Back 21

solid, raised, less than 5 mm diameter

Front 22

nodule

Back 22

solid, raised, greater than 5 mm diameter

Front 23

fissure

Back 23

slit like groove

Front 24

vessicle

Back 24

fluid filled, less than 5 mm diameter (blister)

Front 25

bulla

Back 25

fluid filled, greater than 5 mm diameter (large blister)

Front 26

postule

Back 26

fluid filled with purulent material

Front 27

erosion

Back 27

loss of surface epithelium

Front 28

ulcer

Back 28

loss of surface epithelium

Front 29

erythematous

Back 29

red

Front 30

edematous

Back 30

swollen due to accumulation of watery fluid

Front 31

exophytic

Back 31

growing outward

Front 32

endophytic

Back 32

growing inward

Front 33

indurated

Back 33

abnormally hard

Front 34

fixed

Back 34

attached to adjacent or surrounding structures

Front 35

sessile

Back 35

base is as wide or wider than the rest of the lesion

Front 36

pedunculated

Back 36

lesion is on a stalk or has a base that is narrower than the rest of the lesion

Front 37

papillary

Back 37

numerous surface projections

Front 38

verrucous

Back 38

rough, watery surface

Front 39

leukoplakia

Back 39

clinical term for a white plaque or patch, 5-25% shows dysplasia on biopsy, 4% progress to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 40

erythroplakia

Back 40

clinical term for a red plaque or patch, 90% show severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Front 41

erythroleukoplakia

Back 41

clinical term for a mixed white and red plaque or patch