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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Response Models |
Public health model - primary, secondary, tertiary Population model - universal (everyone sees poster, hope it will help someone), - selected (poster in high school to target the high risk group) , - indicated (one person who is at risk) |
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Suicidology model |
Prevention Intervention Postvention |
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Prevention |
Strategies to reduce the likelihood of suicide deaths or suicidal behaviour in a population Services or actions that do not directly interfere with the bahviors of a single person at any time. |
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Primary prevention |
before there is any sign. Maybe no risk factors |
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Secondary prevention |
working with people with severe mental illness, thoughts, prevent action |
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Tiertary prevention |
someone who has a plan to attempt or has tried (ie. pumping stomach after ingesting poison) |
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Intervention |
strategies targeted toward a specific individual to prevent suicidal behaviour or to reduce likelihood of a fatal outcome from the behaviour ie. physically restraining someone (although this is prevention, it is considered intervention because you are interfering with their action) |
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Postvention |
working with and supporting those who are bereaved after someone has died by suicide |
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Why prevent suicide |
it's the moral thing to do failure to at least attempt to prevent is unacceptable and even ILLEGAL if you know it's happening |
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Prevention in Canada (Mental Health Commission of Canada) |
Preventing for 35 years now! In 2012: 6 new strategic directions #1: Promote metal health across the lifespan in homes, schools, and workplaces, and prevent metal illness and suicide wherever possible |
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Prevention Strategy in Canada |
Funding Public awareness- Stigma reduction Legislation |
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Canadian Association for suicide prevention |
gathers and dissemnates accurate info on suicide and suicide prevention |
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Centre for Suicide Prevention |
Affiliated with CMHA, Calgary, Alberta Education and training for professional and general public |
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London Middlesex Suicide prevention council |
Volunteers organize suicide awareness and preventions in London |
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Types of Prevention |
Enhance overall wellbeing generalized suicide prevention direct prevention of suicidal action |
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Enhance wellbeing |
actions not specific to suicide (very general) are anticipated to impact rates of suicidal behavior addressing know risk factors (REDUCING RISK) and increasing protective factors Increasing resilience No need for an immediate risk |
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Reducing Risk |
Example: Substance abuse is a risk factor for suicide, so by treating substance abuse, it could reduce suicidal behaviour People who did cocaine and went to rehab were less likely to die by suicide, even if they relapsed into cocaine! |
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Increasing Resilience |
Increasing one's ability to manage problems when they arise Teaching coping skills reduces risk of suicidal ideation or action and depression. |
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Generalized Suicide Prevention |
Suicide specific Directed broadly in the population ie. education, voluntarily accessed help (hotlines) |
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Education |
increase awareness reduce stigma spread info about services By educating the general public, maybe they will be able to help people in need or direct them to services. (effectiveness is still unknown) |
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Voluntarily Access Support |
crisis lines medical services (docs, walk-in, ER) Others (teachers, coaches, family, friends) Easily available help= more likely people will use it. Getting help= reduced risk of person taking suicidal action |
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Are hotlines helpful? |
Depends on.. Do people use it while suicidal? Are staff and volunteers able to identify and respond appropriately? Does the call help once the person hangs up? A lot of times, after the call, people have a decreased "suicidal status": hopelessness, intent to die, and psychological pain |
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Feedback about hotlines |
Critical - problems accessing resources - counsellor mannerisms (condescending) - counsellor missing the problem - call too short - being asked too many questions Positive - being listened to - warmth/concern - help to calm down - help to come up with options - help to gain a new perspective |
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Direct Prevention of suicial action |
Suicide specific targeted to points (location, method) involved onsite (but hands off) resources reducing access to means |
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Support "On Location" |
Providing access to help in high-risk locations makes ambivalent individuals aware of support and an alternative course of action |
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TTC Subway Program |
All pay phones in the TO subway stations have a blue button that allows for free, one-touch dialing to reach the distress centres of toronto Around 20 people attempt suicide using the TTC every year To protect the individual and TTC staff from PTSD |
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Reducing Access to Means |
Indirect- change gas piped into homes Indirect- Catalytic converters on cars Direct- change med packaging and formulations (pkg pills individually so they have to think longer) Direct- barriers If we can buy time, we have more time to offer help |
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Suicide Barriers |
nets/fences surrounding heights Luminous Veil in Toronto Less people died there, but the suicide rates didn't change much :( May stop impulsive acts less likely to deter planned acts |
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Removing Suicide barriers |
- not aesthetically pleasing - not effective - make it harder to rescue people who attempt at the site. - more people did jump there once removed, but the overall suicide rates did not change |
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Suicide barriers: Availability of comparable locations |
If there was not equivalent option nearby, a barrier might have a larger effect |
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Suicide Barriers: Suicide magnetism |
Do people travel to this place in particular (ie. the Golden Gate Bridge) just for suicide or are they locals acting impulsively? |
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Suicide Barriers: Effective Location |
Choice of a certain location may arise from utilitarian decision-making |
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Location of barriers |
prevent suicide at a particular location - ie. if there is a neighbourhood below the bridge that is going to hurt the people below too - ie. if there is a road below, that could cause more deaths by car accidents when someone jumps |
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Positive Side Effect of Suicide Barriers |
Public Awareness about suicide, prevention, and shared social responsibility response |
