Preschool

Front 1

Egocentrism:

Back 1

Children think you see it the way they see it.

Front 2

Transductive reasoning:

Back 2

Seeing similarities that don't apply. Ex. If something tastes bad, everything else will taste bad.

Front 3

Centration:

Back 3

See things from other perspective.

Front 4

Animism:

Back 4

Concept of describing lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. Ex. Things that move like leaves, children will think they're alive because they move.

Front 5

Magical Thinking:

Back 5

Thoughts are all powerful.

Front 6

Irreversibility:

Back 6

See an action, but can't reconstruct backwards.

Front 7

Inability to conserve;

Back 7

Recognize object stays same when you move it.

Front 8

Psychosocial stage according to Erikson:

Back 8

Initiative v/s guilt. Learning new things are fun, sense of accomplishment in activities, energetic learning, if criticized, may develop guilt.

Front 9

Physical growth: Height:

Back 9

2-3 inches per year, 3 yo 37", 4 yo 40", 5 yo 43"

Front 10

Weight:

Back 10

4.5-6.5 lbs per year, 3 yo 32 lb, 4 yo 36 lb, 5 yo 41.5 lb

Front 11

Appearance:

Back 11

Knock knees, slimmer, all 20 deciduous teeth.

Front 12

Gross motor:

Back 12

3 yo rides tricycle, stands on one foot, tiptoes, up steps alt feet.
4 yo skips and hops on one foot, catches ball, down steps alt foot.
5 yo skips alt foot, jumps rope and swims

Front 13

Fine motor:

Back 13

3 yo: copies a circle, lines, 9-10 cubes, dresses self.
4 yo: draws face, laces, scissors
5 yo: ties shoe, stick figure, prints.

Front 14

Cognitive development: Piaget:

Back 14

Preoperational 2-7 years.
Preconceptual 2-4 years
intuitive thought 4-7 years
Shifting from totally egocentric to social awareness.

Front 15

Characteristics of thinking:

Back 15

Some shift in egocentric thought, believes in the power of thought, time and age not well understood, uses language without understanding meaning, can think and verbalize without acting, basic cause and effect.

Front 16

Language:

Back 16

3 yo: 900 words, why, telegraphic 3-4 key words, 75% intelligible.
4 yo: 1500 words, why, 90-100% intelligible.
5 yo: 2100 words, 6-8 sentences, 100% intelligible.

Front 17

Play:

Back 17

3 yo: parallel and associative
4 yo: associative and dramatic
5 yo: associative play and dramatic play.

Front 18

Gross motor skills:

Back 18

Jumping, running, climbing, tricycles, gym sandboxes, water sports.

Front 19

Fine motor skills:

Back 19

Construction sets, blocks, flash cards, simple carpentry tools, illustrated books, simple sewing or crafts, clay, puzzles.

Front 20

Nutrition:

Back 20

Need healthy meals and snacks, need 1000-1500 cc of fluid per day, mealtime should not be stressful, may be finicky, influenced by habits of others.

Front 21

Moral and spiritual development:

Back 21

Good v/s bad, acceptable v/s unacceptable, what is wrong is governed by rules, do not understand rationale for rules, no understanding of higher power, prayers are rituals.