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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nine prepositions to memorize |
At by for from in of on with to
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Prepositional Phrase=
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a preposition + a noun |
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Infinitive |
ONLY the preposition “to” + a verb
WILL NEVER BE THE MAIN VERB MAY BE THE SUBJECT If not the subject, it is a verbal |
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Prepositions can be identified because they indicate- |
Point in time
Duration of time Direction Location Cause of reason Manner Relation to others |
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Definition of Proper Nouns |
specific things like people, places, or things. (ex Fred Flintstone)
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Definition of Common nouns |
categories of things. (ex caveman)
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two tests to see if the word is a noun are... |
1. Can the word be pluralized by adding "s" 2. Can you put an article ("a" "an" or "the") in front of it and it makes sense? |
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A pronoun is... |
a word used in place of one or more nouns.
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The subject of a sentence tells
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who or what is being talked about in the sentence.
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The subject of a sentence can
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be a noun or a prounoun. Infrequently, the subject can be an infinitive. "to live well is the best way to live" |
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A plural subject talks about
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more than one person, place, or thing.
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A plural subject that joins two subjects with and is called
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a compound subject |
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action verbs
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tell what the subject does, did, or will do. (p. 363)
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action verbs also show...
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mental and emotional actions.
ex. Mary stresses over the demands of her studies. |
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compound predicates
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sometimes, a subject performs more than one action:She threw a party, went on vacation, and had a nervous breakdown.
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-Linking Verbs-
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connect subject to a word or words that describe or rename it. The linking verb tells what the subject is (or what it was, will be, or seems to be). (p. 364)
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Frequently used linking verbs
THINK = Sally is pretty. Sally = pretty |
act appear be (am, is are, was, were) become feel get growlook remain seem smell sound taste turn
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Helping Verbs-
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many verbs have more than one word: there are main verbs and their helpers
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Frequently used helping verbs
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does did do was were have has had must can could is are am may might should would will(p. 366) (these often indicate TENSE, which is a clue!) |
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the main verb test
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you can determine whether a word is the main verb or not by determining if the word has "tense" = past/present/future forms
for example: They are in a car.-"are" is the main verb because the sentence can be written as: They were in a car. They will be in a car. |
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Verbals are...
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forms of verbs that do NOT function as the main verb of a sentence.
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Four Types of Verbals:
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1) Infinitives-- "to" in front of a verb
2) Gerunds-- the "-ing" form of the verb when it functions as a noun. It may or may not be the subject. 3) Present Participles-- the "-ing" form of a verb when it functions as an adjective 4) Past participles |
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(Be) +ing |
***the "-ing" form of the verb is the main verb ONLY when it is preceded by some form of the helper verb "be." (am, is are, was, were)
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Infinitives--
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"to" in front of a verb
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Gerunds--
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the "-ing" form of the verb when it functions as a noun. It may or may not be the subject.
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Present Participles
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the "-ing" form of a verb when it functions as an adjective
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Past participles--
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the form of the verb used with the helper verb "have" usually ending in --ed, --d, --en, --n, or --t. It is the main verb ONLY when it is preceded by some form of the helper verb "have"
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if the past tense form of the verb, usually ending in --ed, --d, --en, --n, or --t. , is not preceded by the helper verb "have," then it is a
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verbal and functions as an adjective
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A verbal phrase
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a word group within a sentence that starts with a verbal.
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A noun cannot be the subject if.. |
it is in a prepositional phrase |
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Subject type : The cat chased the dog into the hall.
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-subject/verb
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Subject type : Vanessa, I need to go to town.
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-direct address `
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Subject type: Angel, buy some cod liver oil at the market.
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Implied "you"
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Subject type: To smoke everyday is not good for the lungs.
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-Infinitive subject
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Subject type: Smoking everyday is a bad idea.
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-gerund
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personal pronoun-
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-refers to a particular person or thing.
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Personalpronouns can change form...
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according to their function in a sentence. personal pronouns: subjective, objective, or possessive.
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Subjective pronouns-
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I he she it we you they who whoever
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Objective pronouns |
me him her it us you them whom whomever
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Possessive pronouns |
my mine his her hers its our ours your yours their theirs whose
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I or Me? |
Toby and ( I or me?) like pizza.
[I like pizza; me cannot like pizza!] Toby and I like pizza! The school sent my father and (I or me?) a letter.the school sent to me not the school sent to IThe school sent my father and me a letter. |
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Who vs Whom
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when the pronoun is the subject of the clause, use who or whoever.
when the pronoun is the object, use whom or whomever. |
