Prentice Hall Biology Chapter 8

Front 1

energy

Back 1

the ability to do work

Front 2

autotroph

Back 2

organisms that produce their own food

Example: Plants

Front 3

heterotroph

Back 3

organisms that obtain energy from food they consume

Example: Dogs

Front 4

Catalyse

Back 4

to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Front 5

enzyme

Back 5

protein that helps process in chemical reactions

Front 6

exergonic

Back 6

reaction that releases energy by breaking down chemical bonds

Front 7

endergonic

Back 7

reaction that consumes energy by building chemical bonds

Front 8

reactant

Back 8

elements or compounds that react to produce something

Front 9

product

Back 9

element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

Front 10

adenosine triphosphate

Back 10

also known as ATP; one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy

Front 11

photosynthesis

Back 11

process where plants use the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy carbohydrates

Front 12

pigment

Back 12

light absorbing molecules that gather the sun's energy

Front 13

chromatography

Back 13

a process through which a chemical mixture is separated into components as a result of differential distribution

Front 14

chlorophyll

Back 14

a plant's principal pigment; comes in type a and type b

Front 15

thylakoid

Back 15

sac-like photosynthetic membrane that is arranged in stacks called grana

Front 16

photosystem

Back 16

clusters that organize chlorophyll and other pigments

Front 17

stroma

Back 17

the region outside the thylakoid membrane

Front 18

NADP+

Back 18

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; compound that is a carrier molecule

Front 19

Light-Dependent Reactions

Back 19

produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH

Front 20

High Energy Molecules

Back 20

molecules that directly absorb light energy

Front 21

low energy molecules

Back 21

molecules that have yet to be charged with light energy

Front 22

electron transport chain

Back 22

transports high energy electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I

Front 23

high energy electrons

Back 23

move through the electron transport chain from photosystem II to photosystem I

Front 24

ATP synthase

Back 24

Protein that spans the membrane and allows hydrogen ions to pass through it

Front 25

Calvin Cycle

Back 25

uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars

Front 26

Energy changed from one form to another will result in the loss of

Back 26

heat

Front 27

purpose of a catalyst

Back 27

provides a site for reaction and coordinates the flow of energy

Front 28

protein

Back 28

compounds that make up enzymes

Front 29

1000 to 4000

Back 29

the number of different enzymes there could be in a single cell

Front 30

active site

Back 30

the place on the enzyme that allows molecules to bond or break easily

Front 31

how energy is released from ATP

Back 31

breaking of the chemical bond between the second and third phosphate

Front 32

Processes that require ATP for energy

Back 32

active transport, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, production of light

Front 33

a few seconds

Back 33

length of time it takes for a cell to use up its ATP

Front 34

90x

Back 34

amount more energy glucose has compared to ATP

Front 35

photosynthetic equation

Back 35

6CO2+ 6H2O =====> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Front 36

Van Helmont

Back 36

Belgian physician; experimented to see if plants mass came from materials in the soil

Front 37

Priestly

Back 37

English minister; experimented to see if flames needed oxygen, as well as, if plants produce oxygen

Front 38

Jan Iagenhousz

Back 38

Dutch scientist; experimented to see if Priestly's experiment only works when exposed to light