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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is genetics?
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The scientific study of heredity is Called?
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What is fertilization?
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When male and female reproductive cells join it's called?
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What is true breeding?
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Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate is called what?
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What is a trait?
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A specific characteristic is called a?
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What is a hybrid?
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The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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What are genes?
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Sequence on DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait is called ?
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What are alleles?
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Different forms of a gene are called?
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What is segregation?
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Separation in alleles are called?
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What are gametes?
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Sex cells are called?
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What is probability?
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The likelihood that a particular event will occur is called?
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What is a Punnett square?
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A diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross is called?
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What does homozygous mean?
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Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait is called?
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What does heterozygous mean?
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Organisms that have 2 different alleles for a particular trait is known as?
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phenotype means what?
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physical characteristic us known as a?
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What does genotype mean?
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genetic make up (TT, Tt, tt) is called a?
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independent assortment mean?
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independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes are called?
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What does incomplete dominance means?
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When one allele isn't completely dominant over the other it is considered?
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codominance is when what happens?
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When both alleles contribute to the phenotype of an organism (blend together) they are called what?
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What are multiple alleles?
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3 or more alleles of the same gene are called?
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polygenic traits are what?
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Traits controlled by 2 or more genes are called what?
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homologous means?
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chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent are called what?
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diploid is what?
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A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes are called?
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haploid is what?
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A cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and one set of genes is called?
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meiosis means what?
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A process by which the # of chromosomes PER cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell is called?
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tetrad means what?
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A structure that contains 4 CHROMATIDS formed suring meiosis is called?
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crossing-over is when what happens?
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When homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis its known as what?
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gene map is what?
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A diagram that shows relative locations of each known gene in a particular chromosome is called?
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What process is a process of reduction division?
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What is meiosis?
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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When gametes form (egg and sperm) the purpose of what?
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If we start with a diploid cell, how do we get an organism that produces haploid gametes?
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meiosis (1 replication, 2 divisions)
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What happens during interphase?
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Growth, make DNA, protein, and organelles happens during what phase?
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Meiosis I consists of what phases?
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interphase,prophase I, metephase I, anaphase I, and telophase happens during what?
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What happens during prophase I?
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Tetrads form, nucleus and nucleoli disappear, crossing-over happens during which phase of prophase?
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What happens during metaphase I?
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Tetrads line up at center, independent assortment happens during which phase of metaphase?
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What happens during anaphase I?
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Tetrads separate happens during which phase of anaphase?
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What happens during telophase I?
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Nuclear membranes form, separates into 2 new haploid cells during which phase of telophase?
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The 4 haploid cells produced in meiosis are what?
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Sperm are 4 ___________ cells produced in meiosis.
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In females, 4 haploid cells are produced but only one is a what?
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viable egg is 1 ________________ cell.
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The 3 haploid cells produced are called what?
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Polar bodies are 3 ____________ cells. |
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Male gametes are produced from what process?
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Spermatogenesis are _________________ gametes.
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Female gametes are produced from what process?
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Oogenesis are ___________ gametes that are produced.
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How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
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2 diploid cells (same) are produced in what phase of cell division?
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How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
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4 haploid cells (different) are produced where?
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What type of cells are produced in mitosis?
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Body celss are produced where?
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What type of cells are produced in meiosis?
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Gametes are produced during what phase of cell division?
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How many replications in mitosis?
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1
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
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growth, repair, asexual reproduction happens during what?
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What is the purpose of meiosis?
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sexual reproduction happen in what?
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What is heredity?
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The passing of genes from one generation to the next is known as what?
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What are the male sex structures in a plant called?
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Stamen are the __________ sex structure in a plant.
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What are the female sex structures in a plant called?
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Pistil are the _______sex structures in a plant.
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What is the principle of dominance?
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Alleles that are dominant and others are recessive is known as ?
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What is the principle of independent assortment?
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Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes are called what?
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What is the principle of segregation?
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The alleles segregated during the formation of gametes is called what?
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What can the principle of probability be used for?
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Predict the outcome of genetic crosses is called?
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What was the ratio of Mendel's 2-factor cross?
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9:3:3:1
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Do alleles for seed shape independently assort?
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Yes
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The alleles for different genes usually segregate _____________ of one another?
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independently
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What are the example of incomplete dominance?
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4 o'clock flower
red + white = pink are examples of what? |
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What are some example of codominance?
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chicken feathers
(spots on feathers or fur) are examples of what? |
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What are some example of multiple alleles?
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Rabbit's coat color, human blood type, human eye color are examples of what?
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What is an example of polygenic traits?
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human skin color, eye color in fruit flies are examples of what kind of traits?
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An individual _______ have more than 2 alleles, but there are more than 2 alleles in the population for a given trait.
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CANNOT
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polygenic inheritance means?
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interaction of many genes controls one trait are called?
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Genes and the _________ determine the characteristics of an organism.
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Environment and _______ determines the characteristics of an organism.
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Chromosomes do assort independently, but the genes on the chromosomes can be ___________ together.
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linked
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Linked genes are located on the ______ chromosome.
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Same
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Linked genes are inherited _________.
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together
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Linked genes don't undergo _________. They don't follow Mendel's law.
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Independent assortment are what kind of genes?
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A inkage group are all the genes on a _____________?
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All the genes on a chromosome are called what kind of group?
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What does crossing-over produce?
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Recombinants, which are new combinations of genes are called what?
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The _______ genes are from each other, the more likely they are to cross over.
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further
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Crossing over occurs _________ among linkage groups.
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randomly
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