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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is sickle cell an example of incomplete dominance and purpose for heterozygous people
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Heterozy normally protected from disease but oxygen deprivation causes mild form of disease
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Autosomal diseases
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cystic fibrosis (mucus covering), huntington disease (central nervous degeneration), tay-sachs, marfan (tall skeleton), PKU can't metabolize aa
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X linked inherited diseases
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hemophilia (fail to blood clot), muscular dystrophy (abnormal gait), diabetes insipidus
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Most common chromosomal disorder
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down syndrome
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Prenatal diagnosis methods
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Maternal blood analysisUltrasoundFetoscopyAmniocentesis
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Amniocentesis
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Most widely prenatal diagnosishollow needle inserted through abs to obtain fluid from the uterus
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Donor insemination
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injection of sperm from anon man into woman70% successful
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In vitro fertilization
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women given hormones, remove ova, add sperm, duplicates into several cells, injected back to uterus
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How is adoption related to adjustment for kids
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adoptees have more learning and emotional difficulties that increases with child's age at adoption
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Benefits of educating girls for country and for family
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Predicts women's preventive health behavior, increase child survival
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SES and children development
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Lower SES - early parenthood and larger family, stress external characteristics, more restrictive parentingHigher SES - emphasize psychological traits and engage in warmer verbal interaction
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Affluence and poverty and child development
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Affluent don't provide emotional closeness and supervisionPoverty stress, no effective parenting, unsafe
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Environmental factors related to child development
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CultureExtended family households
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US vs other countries on indicators of child health
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US more individualistic, focus on individual
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Heritability
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extent to which individual differences in complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors
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Concordance rates
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percent of instances in which both twins show trait when it is present in one twin
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range of reaction
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Genetically determined response to environmentShows how we respond diff to same environ and how diff combinations make people look the same
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Canalization
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tendency of heredity to restrict the development of some characteristics or just one or a few outcomes
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Genetic-environmental correlation
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genes influence environments we exposed to
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Passive genetic environ correlation
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child has no control over itparents take it to sport events
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evocative genetic environ correlation
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responses evoked influenced and strengthen by child's heredity tendencies
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active genetic environ correlation
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seek environments that fit with genetic tendency
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niche picking
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older childrenmuscular child spends time at sports, smart one at library
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3 periods of prenatal development
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zygote: 1-2 wksembryo: 3-8 wksfetus: 9-12 wks
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blastocyst
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hollow fluid filled ball containing embryonic disk (new org) and trophoblast (nourishment) coatafter 4 days
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age of viability of fetus
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22-26 wks
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teratogen
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environmental agent causing damage
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teratogens on developmental stages
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zygote - either kills or nothingembryonic - serious defectsfetus - minor
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low birth weight indicators of what in middle adulthood?
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higher chance of heart disease, stroke and diabetes
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high birth weight indicators of what in adulthood?
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increased incidence of breast cancer
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effects of illegal drugs on babies
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Mixed findingsdrug addicted, low weight, breathing difficulties, slow motor development, deformed
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tobacco's effects on babies
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less attentive, increased complications, respiratory illness, low weight
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alcohol's effects on babies
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poor motor coordination, intelligence lowered, arrested brain growth
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fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
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slow physical growththin upper lipbrain injuryshort eyelid openings
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sources of teratogens
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alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollution, infectious disease
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Mom's exercise and the health of baby
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helps with childbirth but lower birth weights if vigorous
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Mom's nutrition and health of baby
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Malnourishment = low birth weight and brain damagefolate prevents complications
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Mom's emotional wellbeing and health of baby
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stress = complications and neurological damage
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Group prenatal care
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lowers risk of prematurity and low birth weight
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