Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When do primitive brain and spinal cord develop?
|
3-4 weeks
|
|
|
External genitals formed?
|
9-12 weeks
Fetal stage |
|
|
Sensitive to light and sound?
|
20 weeks
|
|
|
Pain felt?
|
24 weeks
|
|
|
Point when all the neurons to ever by present in the brain are present:
|
24 weeks
|
|
|
When can babies discriminate between facial expressions?
|
5 months
|
|
|
When can babies discriminate between facial expressions?
|
5 months
|
|
|
When will an infant begin to avoid a visual cliff?
|
8-10 months
(Though heart rate increases as early as 2 months) |
|
|
When will an infant begin to avoid a visual cliff?
|
8-10 months
(Though heart rate increases as early as 2 months) |
|
|
What is the babinski reflex?
|
foot scratching
|
|
|
What is the babinski reflex?
|
foot scratching
|
|
|
Tonic neck is?
|
when neck turned to one side limbs on that side extend and the others bend
|
|
|
Tonic neck is?
|
when neck turned to one side limbs on that side extend and the others bend
|
|
|
When will the no of synapses reach adult levels?
|
two years
|
|
|
When will the no of synapses reach adult levels?
|
two years
|
|
|
When will the no of synapses be twice that of adults?
|
Age 3 (through to 10ish)
|
|
|
Glucose utilisation begins to resemble adults as early as...
|
8 months
|
|
|
Infants' brains are twice as active as adults from age...
|
Three
|
|
|
When do infants recognise their mother's face and make the connection between her lips moving and her voice?
|
2 months
|
|
|
The Dynamic Systems Approach is:
|
Development occurs when mechanisms start to work together
|
|
|
When does most synaptic pruning occur?
|
Second decade of life
|
|
|
How many synapses are estimated to be eliminated every second in the cerebral cortex?
|
33 per second
|
|
|
When must squint correction occur by so the synapses connecting the less favoured eye to the brain will remain?
|
6 years
|
|
|
Up until what age are baby sounds the same regardless of the language they will later learn?
|
6 months
|
|
|
What is the predictor (received in first year) that will predict whether babies respond to stressors with increased cortisol production?
|
Emotional closeness. Sensitive and nurturing care
|
|
|
Romanian orphans adopted after what age showed delays in cognitive and social functioning?
|
6 months
|
|
|
What brain structures experience major development in the first year?
|
Motor cortex
Visual cortex Hippocampus (Slower, later development of the frontal and prefrontal cortex) |
|
|
When is myelination complete?
|
Early adulthood (20-25)
|
|
|
Why is myelintation important?
|
Speeds transmission of information in the brain
|
|
|
What is MS caused by?
|
Break down of myelin
|
|
|
What are physical changes at puberty controlled by?
|
Hypothalamus
|
|
|
Areas of greatest development during adolescence?
|
Prefrontal cortext
Corpus Callosum Cerebellum |
|
|
What is Piaget's domain called?
|
Constructivism
Actively constructing knowledge by interacting with their environment |
|
|
According to Piaget, children have few/many structures (organised knowledge) in the brain?
|
Few
|
|
|
Give the 3 main aspects of Piaget's theory:
|
General
Invariant stages Universal |
|
|
What does Piaget consider 'cognitive development'?
|
a) the mastery of representation (by 18-24months)
b) development of logic |
|
|
What is assimilation?
|
Adapting new knowledge into a PREVIOUSLY ACQUIRED SCHEMA
Schema doesn't change |
|
|
What is accommodation?
|
ADJUSTING OLD SCHEMA to fit new information
Schema changes |
|
|
When is the sensorimotor stage?
|
Birth to 18-24 months
|
|
|
How how learning occur in the sensorimotor stage?
|
Repeating accidental behaviours
Then goal directed behaviours |
|
|
What is the important gain of the sensorimotor stage?
|
Mental respresentation
-deferred imitation -object permanence |
|
|
When does object permanence occur?
|
8-12 months
BUT makes A not B error |
|
|
When does the Preoperational stage occur?
|
2 to 7 years
|
|
|
What are the limitations of preoperational children?
|
1) Egocentric
2) Perceptual features 3) Centration (eg conservation tasks) 4) Irreversibility |
|
|
When does the concrete operations stage occur?
|
7 to 11 years
|
|
|
What are the limitations of a concrete operations child?
|
Difficulty with abstract ideas
BUT can usually perform ok if tasks are made physical ie CONCRETE |
|
|
What is the major gain of the concrete operations stage?
|
Ability to manipulate OBJECTS in mind
|
|
|
When does the formal operations stage occur?
|
11 to 15 years
|
|
|
What is the major gain of the formal operations stage?
|
Reasoning is hypothetico-deductive (like scientific thought)
Formal operations child can manipulate IDEAS in mind |
|
|
At what stage do children understand class inclusion (flowers versus daisies)?
|
Concrete operations stage
|
|
|
What is used as evidence against Piaget's object permanence claim?
|
Baillargeon drawbridge task:
Representation as early as 4 months of age |
|
|
What is given as an explanation for the A not B error?
|
Learned motor response that is difficult to inhibit
|
|
|
What are the core mechanisms in information processing?
|
Attention
Encoding Storage Retrieval |
|
|
What is cognitive development referring to in Information Processing Theories?
|
Overcoming limitations in processes/mechanisms involved in information processing
|
|
|
What is Case's theory of Development?
|
The capacity of working memory remains constant from birth
- development is associated with more efficient use of working memor |
|
|
What is Pascual-Leone (1970) theory of operating space?
|
number of slots in working memory
increases with age (total processing space gets larger with age) |
|
|
What is Siegler’s Model of Strategy Choice?
|
With age/development:
Increasingly sophisticated strategies Increasing knowledge/experience leads to correct strategies Results in decreased operating space required and increase in functional storage space |
