Prelim Ii -- Oceanography Review

Front 1

What forms the base of all marine food webs?

Back 1

Primary Production!!

Front 2

What is Net Primary Production?

Back 2

The difference between the amount of CO2 ( Carbon dioxide) consumed by photosynthesis and the amount of C02 of respiration.

* Also the net gain/net loss of carbon within a cell.

Front 3

What happens to phytoplankton cells when light falls below the compensation light level?

Back 3

Cellular respiration exceeds photosynthesis. This leads to negative values of net primary production.

Front 4

At low light levels, phytoplankton are?

Back 4

Light limited ( duh!)

Front 5

At optimal light levels, phytoplankton are?

Back 5

Light Saturated

Front 6

At very high light levels, phytoplankton are?

Back 6

Photo-inhibited

Front 7

Define compensation depth

Back 7

The depth at which ambient light intensity is equal to the compensation light intensity.

Front 8

Concerning primary production, what are the 4 most important plant nutrients?

Back 8

Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silica, & Iron

Front 9

Where does the main source of iron come from?

Back 9

From dust blowing off continents

Front 10

What does primary production consume?

Back 10

Carbon Dioxide

Front 11

What does primary production create?

Back 11

Oxygen

Front 12

True or False, Subtropical Gyres exhibit very little seasonal variability in Primary Production?

Back 12

True

Front 13

What forms a mound/lens of warm, low nutrient water? And a downward surface layer velocity?

Back 13

Surface convergence of the Ekman Layer in the Subtropics ( Forced by the trade/westerly winds)

Front 14

The equatorial pacific and the equatorial atlantic-- which equatorial exhibits modest seasonal variability in the spring due to sudden trade wind bursts?

Back 14

The equatorial atlantic!

Front 15

Where does tidal mixing occur?

Back 15

In shallow continental shelf regions

Front 16

What does coastal upwelling result from?

Back 16

It results from Wind/ Ekman Offshore transports.

Front 17

When do dramatic increases of primary production occur?

Back 17

Wherever and Whenever deep, nutrient rich water is brought up to the ocean surface.

Front 18

What happens when Spring Shoaling of the Thermocline travels above critical depth?

Back 18

Positive Net Primary Production occurs

Front 19

What are Holoplankton?

Back 19

Planktonic organisms that live their entire life in fluid suspension.
Example- Shrimp, Arrow Worms

Front 20

What are Meroplankton?

Back 20

Planktonic organisms that live only PART of their lives in fluid suspension.
Example- Crabs, Barnacles

Front 21

Define Trophic Transfer Efficiency

Back 21

The efficiency with which material or energy is transferred between adjacent trophic levels

Front 22

What is Trophic Transfer Efficiency a function of?

Back 22

1. Exploitation Efficiency
2. Gross Production Efficiency

Front 23

What is Exploitation Efficiency?

Back 23

FINDING food, CAPTURING food, INGESTING food.

Front 24

What is Gross Production Efficiency?

Back 24

The increase in consumer biomass per amount of food ingested.

Front 25

What is the upperlimit on the total biomass of harvestable fish in a given ocean province determined by?

Back 25

1. Intensity of Primary Production per square meter
2. Number of trophic levels between primary producers and harvestable fish
3. Trophic transfer efficiencies

Front 26

What is the main contributor to primary production in open-ocean environments?

Back 26

PROCHLOROCOCCUS

Front 27

Describe an efficient biological carbon pump

Back 27

Dominant phytoplankton cells are large,dominant grazers are large, large fecal matter easily sinks into the ocean TAKING ORGANIC CARBON with it

Front 28

Describe an INEFFICIENT biological pump

Back 28

Dominant phytoplankton cells are small, dominant grazers are small, fecal matter is so small that it cannot easily sink into the ocean

Front 29

Describe "New" Primary Production

Back 29

Nitrate (NO3) is used from the deep ocean for its energy source

Front 30

Describe " Recycled" Primary Production

Back 30

Uses ammonia (NH4) generated by animal excretion in the upper ocean for its nitrogen source

Front 31

What does virus abundance reflect?

Back 31

Relative productivity and host abundance

Front 32

Where is the ratio of viruses to bacteria the highest?

Back 32

In more productive surface waters

Front 33

Viruses Abundance and Host Density must be high enough so that viruses do not decay before attaching to neighboring hosts

Back 33

This is true.