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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's pregnancy category A?
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safe in pregnant women
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What's pregnancy category B?
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safe in animals, but unclear in humans;
OR harm in animals, safe in humans |
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What's pregnancy category C?
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harm in animals, and unclear in humans;
OR unclear in animals & humans |
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What's pregnancy category D?
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harm in pregnant women, but benefits may outweigh risks
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What's pregnancy category X?
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harm in animals & pregnant women; use is CI in pregnancy or potential pregnancy
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How helpful are the pregnancy categories? Why?
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not very - B is not necessarily safer or more harmful than D
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What are some inconsistencies of the categories?
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# omeprazole is cat C, other PPIs are B, but omeprazole is DOC due to having the most data in pregnancy
# docusate & sertraline are cat C; docusate considered safe but sertraline is associated with withdrawal effects in the newborn # isotretinoin & OCPs are cat X; isotretinoin is teratogenic, but OCPs just have no benefit |
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How to minimize exposure via lactation?
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take oral meds after nursing or before infant's longest sleep period
take single ingredient meds at lowest doses avoid alcohol-containing meds watch for ADRs in baby if withholding nursing, remember to feed baby! |
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What drugs can affect lactation?
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decongestants lower milk production
avoid topical products on nipple, eg. hydrocortisone cream (lanolin cream ok) |
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What vaccines are & aren't ok in breastfeeding women?
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smallpox CI'd
all others ok |
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What alt med can be given for morning sickness?
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ginger
pyridoxine |
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What alt med can be given for leg cramps?
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Mg (diarrhea)
Ca |
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What should be done when a patient presents with leg cramps? Why?
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see OB/GYN - could be clot
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What can be given for pre-eclampsia?
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Ca
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What can be done for labor induction?
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castor oil can stimulate GI tract too, but none have good evidence
mild exercise, sex, nipple stimulation (eg. w/breast pump @ lowest setting) can help |
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What can be done for labor pain?
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motherwort has no good evidence
meditation/hypnosis/breathing exercises, etc massage/underwater birth |
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What can be given for post-partum hemorrhage?
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nothing has good evidence
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What can be given to help lactate?
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fenugreek (Mother's Milk Tea) is most popular, but still no good evidence; can cause maple syrup body odor, stimulate uterus if pregnant
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What can be done to help with breast engorgement?
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nothing has good evidence
cabbage leaves or chilled gel packs constriction by various means best to wean off slowly (shorter sessions, longer gaps) |
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How much caffeine is ok?
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avoid >200 mg/day (2 cups of coffee or tea; chocolate within reason ok)
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What fish to pick?
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salmon has lowest mercury levels - pollock, catfish, shellfish, canned fish, fish sticks, fast-food fish ok too
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What fish to avoid?
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shark, swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, whales, cod
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Are local freshwater fish ok?
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check EPA & local health department data before eating - may contain high mercury levels
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How much fish to eat?
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limit to 12 oz or 2 average meals a week on average
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